| Anonymous Florentine Sculptor Idealized portrait of Emperor Galba ca. 1470-80 relief in pietra serena Musée du Louvre |
| Gregorio di Lorenzo (Master of the Marble Madonnas) Idealized Portrait of Emperor Hadrian ca. 1472 painted marble relief Musée du Louvre |
| Gian Cristoforo Romano State Medallion of Isabella d'Este ca. 1505 bronze Musée du Louvre |
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| Hieronymus Hopfer Portrait of Wolfgang Jörger before 1563 etching British Museum |
| Alessandro Ardenti Portrait of Pietro Machiavelli before 1595 gilt-bronze medallion Musée du Louvre |
| Lorenzo Bartolini Portrait of Napoleon with Laurel Wreath 1805 bronze herm Musée du Louvre |
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| Thomas Stothard Portrait Study of William Burns (son of poet Robert Burns) 1811 drawing British Museum |
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| John Henning Portrait of Princess Charlotte Augusta ca. 1812 plaster silhouette relief Scottish National Portrait Gallery, Edinburgh |
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| Carl Rauch after Andréas Léonhard Moeglich Portrait of painter Angelica Kauffmann ca. 1820-30 stipple engraving British Museum |
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| Alfred Edward Chalon Portrait of opera singer Maria Malibran 1830 watercolor on paper British Museum |
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| Jules Breton Portrait of Jeanne Calvet 1865 oil on panel Clark Art Institute, Williamstown, Massachusetts |
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| Michele Gordigiani Portrait of Contessa Bastogi 1895 oil on canvas Museo Civico Giovanni Fattori, Livorno |
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| Odilon Redon Profile ca. 1895 oil on paper, mounted on canvas Museum of Modern Art, New York |
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| Mark Tobey Winthrop Pankhurst 1916 drawing Museum of Modern Art, New York |
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| Baron Adolf De Meyer Portrait of Daisy Fellowes ca. 1920 gelatin silver print Loeb Art Center, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New York |
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| Richard Diebenkorn Seated Figure with Hat 1967 oil on canvas National Gallery of Art, Washington DC |
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| Jock McFadyen New York Subway 1988 oil on canvas Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art, Edinburgh |
from Fragment on Evil
"When I consider the subject with the utmost impartiality and take the most comprehensive view of it, I find myself more inclined to think that evil predominates in the world, and am apt to regard human life as a scene of misery, according to the sentiments of the greatest sages as well as of the generality of mankind from the beginning of the world to this day. I am sensible, however, that there are many circumstances which are apt to pervert my judgement in this particular and make me entertain melancholy views of things. What is evil alarms us more and makes more lasting impression than what is agreeable, which we readily receive without inquiry and which we think ourselves in some measure entitled to. Besides, the greater intenseness of our pains has a much more powerful influence on the imagination that the frequency of our pleasures, and it is almost impossible for us to make a just compensation betwixt them. Should I enumerate all the evils incident to human life and display them with eloquence in their proper colours, I should certainly gain the cause with most readers, who would be apt to despise as frivolous all the pleasures which could be placed in opposition to them. Victuals, wine, a fiddle, a warm bed, a coffee-house conversation make a pitiful figure when compared with racks, gravels*, infamy, solitude, and dungeons."
– David Hume (ca. 1740)
*kidney stones

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