Monday, November 30, 2020

Fresco Depictions (Renaissance / Mannerist)

Luca Signorelli
Story of Coriolanus
ca. 1509
detached fresco
National Gallery, London

Luca Signorelli
Story of Coriolanus (detail)
ca. 1509
detached fresco
National Gallery, London

Franciabigio
Marriage of the Virgin
1513
fresco
Basilica della Santissima Annunziata, Florence

Franciabigio
Marriage of the Virgin (detail)
1513
fresco
Basilica della Santissima Annunziata, Florence

Franciabigio
Marriage of the Virgin (detail)
1513
fresco
Basilica della Santissima Annunziata, Florence

Franciabigio
Marriage of the Virgin (detail)
1513
fresco
Basilica della Santissima Annunziata, Florence

"The fatigues that a man endures in this life in order to raise himself from the ground and protect himself from poverty, succouring not only himself but also his nearest and dearest, have such virtue, that the sweat and the hardships become full of sweetness, and bring comfort and nourishment to the minds of others, insomuch that Heaven, in its bounty, perceiving one drawn to a good life and to upright conduct, and also filled with zeal and inclination for the studies of the sciences, is forced to be benign and favourably disposed towards him beyond its wont; as it was, in truth, towards the Florentine painter Franciabigio. This master, having applied himself to the art of painting for a just and excellent reason, laboured therein not so much out of a desire for fame as from a wish to bring assistance to his needy relatives; and having been born in a family of humble artisans, people of low degree, he sought to raise himself from that position."

" . . . he painted the Marriage of Our Lady, wherein may be recognized the supreme faith of Joseph, who shows in his face as much awe as joy at his marriage with her. Besides this, Francia painted there one who is giving him some blows, as is the custom in our own day, in memory of the wedding; and in a nude figure he expressed very happily the rage and disappointment that drive him to break his rod, which had not blossomed.  . . .  So ardent was [this painter's] love for the matters of art, that there was no summer day on which he did not draw some study of a nude figure from the life in his workroom, and to that end he always kept men in his pay.  . . .  And, in truth, although Franciabigio had a somewhat dainty manner, because he was very laborious and constrained in his work, nevertheless he showed great care and diligence in giving the true proportions of art to his figures."

"He would never leave Florence, because, having seen some works by Raffaello da Urbino, and feeling that he was not equal to that great man and to many others of supreme renown, he did not wish to compete with craftsmen of such rare excellence. In truth, the greatest wisdom and prudence that a man can possess is to know himself, and to refrain from exalting himself beyond his true worth. And, finally, having acquired much by constant work, for one who was not endowed by nature with much boldness of invention or with any powers but those he had gained by long study, he died in the year 1524 at the age of forty-two."

– from Lives of the Painters, Sculptors and Architects by Giorgio Vasari (1568), translated by Gaston du C. de Vere (1912)

Francesco Morone
Baptism of Christ
1517
detached fresco
Museo degli affreschi Giovanni Battista Cavalcaselle, Verona

Raphael
Putto with Garland
before 1520
detached fresco
Accademia di San Luca, Rome

Bernardino Luini
The Nativity
ca. 1520-25
fresco transferred to canvas
Musée du Louvre

Giovanni Battista Zelotti
Concert
ca. 1560-70
detached fresco
Museo di Castelvecchio, Verona

Giovanni Battista Naldini
Pietà with Mary Magdalen and St Nicodemus
1566
detached fresco
Galleria dello Spedale degli Innocenti, Florence

Santi di Tito
Building of the Temple of Solomon
ca. 1570-71
fresco
Basilica della Santissima Annunziata, Florence

Santi di Tito
Building of the Temple of Solomon (detail)
ca. 1570-71
fresco
Basilica della Santissima Annunziata, Florence

Orazio Samacchini
Moses and the Bronze Serpent
ca. 1570-76
apse fresco
Cattedrale di Parma

Niccolò Circignani (il Pomarancio)
Pietà
ca. 1575
fresco
Chiesa di San Francesco, Volterra

Sunday, November 29, 2020

Allegorical Tableaux (Temporal, Spiritual, Artistic)

Marco Bigio
The Three Stages of Womanhood
ca. 1540-45
oil on canvas
Pinacoteca Nazionale di Siena

Titian and workshop
Allegory of Prudence (Three Ages of Man)
ca. 1560-65
oil on canvas
National Gallery, London

Paolo Veronese
Venice receiving the Homage of Hercules and Ceres
1575
oil on canvas
Gallerie dell' Accademia, Venice

Jacopo Ligozzi
Allegory of Virtue
ca. 1577-78
oil on canvas
Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence

Federico Zuccaro
Porta Virtutis (Gate of Virtue)
Minerva Triumphant over Ignorance and Calumny
(Allegory of Painting)
ca. 1585
oil on canvas
Galleria Nazionale delle Marche, Urbino

Allegory of Evil in Italy

The Visconti put you on their flag: a snake
devouring a child, or are you throwing up a man
feet first? Some snakes hunt frogs, some freedom of will.
There's good in you: a man can count years on your skin.
Generously, you mother and father a stolen boy,
to the chosen you offer your cake of figs.
A goiter on my neck, you lick my ear with lies,
yet I must listen, smile and kiss your cheek
or you may swallow the child completely. In Milan
there is a triptych, the throned Virgin in glory,
placed on the marble below, a dead naked man
and a giant frog of human scale on its back.
There's hope! My eyes look into the top of my head
at the wreath of snakes that sometimes crowns me.

– Stanley Moss, from The Intelligence of Clouds (1989)

Jacopo Zucchi
Allegory of the Creation
1585
oil on copper
Galleria Borghese, Rome

Felice Riccio (Felice Brusasorci)
Allegory of Courage crowned by Fame
ca. 1590
oil on canvas
Museo di Castelvecchio, Verona

Abraham Janssens
Man hindered by Time and aided by Hope and Patience
before 1632
oil on canvas
Musées Royaux des Beaux-Arts, Brussels

Peter Paul Rubens
Triumph of the Eucharist
(cartoon for tapestry)
before 1640
oil on canvas
Musées Royaux des Beaux-Arts, Brussels

Pietro Liberi
Fidelity and Peace
ca. 1665-70
oil on canvas
Fondazione Cavallini Sgarbi, Ferrara

Giambattista Tiepolo
Age and Death
ca. 1715
oil on canvas
Gallerie dell' Accademia, Venice

Pompeo Batoni
Time unveiling Truth
ca. 1740-45
oil on canvas
Art Institute of Chicago

Gaspare Diziani
Triumph of Art over Ignorance
before 1767
ceiling fresco
Ca' Rezzonico, Venice

Pietro Antonio Novelli
il Disegno, il Colore e l'Invenzione
(Allegory of Painting)
1768-69
oil on canvas
Gallerie dell' Accademia, Venice

Joseph-Marie Vien
L'Amour fuyant l'Esclavage (Love fleeing Enslavement)
1789
oil on canvas
Musée des Augustins de Toulouse

Saturday, November 28, 2020

Personified Virtues & Vices, Arts & Disciplines

Piero del Pollaiuolo
Personification of Faith
ca. 1470
tempera on panel
Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence

Sandro Botticelli
Personification of Fortitude
ca. 1470
tempera on panel
Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence

Maso da San Friano
Personification of Fortitude
ca. 1560-62
oil on panel
Galleria dell' Accademia, Florence

Dosso Dossi
Personification of Wisdom (detail)
before 1542
oil on canvas
Palazzo dei Diamanti, Ferrara

Battista di Domenico Lorenzi
Personification of Sculpture
ca. 1564-74
marble
Tomb of Michelangelo
Basilica di Santa Croce, Florence

Lorenzo Sabatini
Personification of Geometry
before 1576
oil on canvas
Galleria Sabauda, Turin

Giovanni Martinelli
Personification of Geometry
before 1659
oil on canvas
private collection

Francesco Morandini (Il Poppi)
Personification of Justice
ca. 1582-85
oil on canvas
private collection

Francesco Furini and workshop
Personification of Avarice
ca. 1630-40
oil on canvas
Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence

Cesare Dandini
Personification of Intelligence
before 1657
oil on canvas
private collection

"The symbols we derive from antiquity may provoke a regression to that pagan mentality to which they owe their origins, but they may also help us to achieve what he [Aby Warburg] called orientation, in other words they can serve as instruments of enlightenment.  . . .  Now if there is one element in the classical tradition which allows us to probe this view it is the habit of Personification. I need not enlarge on the ubiquity of this habit in the period under discussion for it is as familiar to historians of literature as it is to historians of art. In fact, it seems to me sometimes that it is too familiar; we tend to take it for granted rather than to ask questions about this extraordinary predominantly feminine population which greets us from the porches of cathedrals, crowds around our public monuments, marks our coins and our banknotes, and turns up in our cartoons and our posters; these females variously attired, of course, came to life on the medieval stage, they greeted the Prince on his entry into a city, they were invoked in innumerable speeches, they quarrelled or embraced in endless epics where they struggled for the soul of the hero or set the action going, and when the medieval versifier went out on one fine spring morning and lay down on a grassy bank, one of these ladies rarely failed to appear to him in his sleep and to explain her own nature to him in any number of lines.  . . .  The natural dwelling place of personifications, if I may personify them in this way, is in the house of Art. Art in our period is certainly conventional rather than spontaneous. It relies on precedence and this precedence points aback to antiquity. If we ask what it was that led to the marriage between poetry and personification the true answer lies hardly on the purely intellectual plane. It lies less in the invention of suitable defining attributes than in the attraction of psychological and physiognomic characterisation. In describing Envy in her cave Ovid could make us visualise the evil hag who is Envy personified. To be sure she has a serpent as her attribute but the character and feeling tone of such a creation extends far beyond the features which can be distinctly enumerated. Artistic characterisation differs from rational definition in that it creates symbols rather than signs. What I mean is that the artistic personification is inexhaustible to rational analysis. It is to this that it owes what might be called its vitality or simply its vividness. While we are under its spell we are unlikely to ask whether such a creature really exists or is merely a figment of the artist's imagination. And thus the arts of poetry, of painting and sculpture, of drama and even of rhetoric aided by tradition can continue the functions of mythopoeic thought."

– E.H. Gombrich, from the essay Personification, published in Classical Influences on European Culture, edited by R.R. Bolgar (Cambridge University Press, 1971)

Carlo Dolci
Allegory of Charity
ca. 1659
oil on canvas
Palazzo Pretorio, Prato

Antonio Corradini
Personification of Faith
ca. 1717-20
marble
Grand Palais, Paris

Anton Raphael Mengs
Personification of Pleasure
ca. 1754
pastel on paper, mounted on canvas
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

Angelica Kauffmann
Self Portrait as Personification of Hope
ca. 1790
oil on canvas
Accademia di San Luca, Rome

Alfred Agache
Personification of Vanity
1885
oil on canvas
Palais des Beaux-Arts de Lille

Friday, November 27, 2020

Dimly Legible Paintings (Darkened by Corroding Time or Dirt)

Andrea Vaccaro
Penitent Magdalen
before 1670
oil on canvas
Palazzo Abatellis, Palermo

Willem Drost
Apostle with a Book
ca. 1654-59
oil on canvas
National Museum, Warsaw

Giovanni Andrea Donducci (Mastelletta)
The Madonna distributing Alms
ca. 1610-12
oil on canvas
Pinacoteca Nazionale di Bologna

Luca Giordano
The Entombment
ca. 1659-60
oil on canvas
Detroit Institute of Arts

Francesco Maffei
Sacrifice of the Daughter of Jephthah
ca. 1650
oil on canvas
Castello del Buonconsiglio, Trento

Bacchiacca (Francesco Ubertini)
St John the Baptist in the Wilderness
before 1557
oil on panel, transferred to canvas
Detroit Institute of Arts

Gianlorenzo Bernini
Christ Mocked
ca. 1630
oil on canvas
private collection

Giovanni Battista Paggi
The Flagellation
1615
oil on canvas
Palazzo Bianco, Genoa

Agnolo Bronzino and workshop
Immaculate Conception (detail)
ca. 1570-72
oil on panel
Chiesa di Santa Maria Regina della Pace, Florence

from Blues for Alice

When you get in on a try you never learn it back
umpteen times the tenth part of a featured world
in black and in back it's roses and fostered nail
bite rhyme sling slang, a song that teaches without
travail of the tale, the one you longing live
and singing burn

                    *            *           *

Step down off our whelm lessons and shortly fired
enter the bristle strum of Corrosion Kingdom
where the last comes by first ever ring, every
race through that tunnel of sun drop and pencil
in the margins of a flare, of higher wish than dare,
the stroked calmings of a line will spin and chime
in blue quicks of a dream blues, the chores
of those whispering gone crenulations

 – Clark Coolidge, from Sound as Thought: Poems 1982-1984

Guercino (Giovanni Francesco Barbieri)
St Peter receiving the Keys from Christ
ca. 1618
oil on canvas
Pinacoteca Civica, Cento

Michiel van Musscher
Portrait of a Gentleman
ca. 1660-80
oil on canvas
Warrington Museum and Art Gallery, Cheshire

Domenico Riccio (Domenico Brusasorci)
Adoration of the Magi
1553
oil on canvas
Museo degli affreschi Giovanni Battista Cavalcaselle, Verona

Marco Pino
Raising of Lazarus
ca. 1570
oil on canvas
Yale University Art Gallery
 
Battista Franco
Baptism of Christ
ca. 1555
oil on canvas
Chiesa di San Francesco della Vigna, Venice

Giovanni Lanfranco
Samson battling the Lion
ca. 1632-33
oil on canvas
Pinacoteca Nazionale di Bologna