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| Giuseppe Cacialli Gate of the Lemon House 1822 ironwork Giardino di Boboli, Florence |
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| Giuseppe Cacialli Gate of the Lemon House 1822 ironwork Giardino di Boboli, Florence |
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| Giuseppe Cacialli Gate of the Lemon House 1822 ironwork Giardino di Boboli, Florence |
"The artisan's sense of independence was, of course, based on more than a moral imperative. It was based on the justified belief that his skill was indispensable to production; indeed on the belief that it was the only indispensable factor of production. Hence the artisan's objection to the capitalism which, in the early nineteenth century, increasingly denied the moral economy which gave the trades their modest but respected place, was not so much to working masters, whom they had long known, or to machinery as such, which could be seen as an extension of hand tools, but to the capitalist seen as an unproductive and parasitic middleman."
– Eric Hobsbawm, from the article Artisan or Labour Aristocrat? published in The Economic History Review (August, 1984)
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| Anonymous Venetian Artisan Goblet with Roses ca. 1875 blown glass Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam |
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| Karl Köpping Two-handled Goblet 1896 blown glass Musée d'Orsay, Paris |
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| Henri François Andromeda 1882 onyx cameo Musée d'Orsay, Paris |
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| Giovanni Duprè Angel for the Tomb of Pope Pius II Piccolomini ca. 1844-50 marble relief Chiesa di Sant' Agostino, Siena |
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| Giovanni Duprè Cain 1846 marble Hermitage, Saint Petersburg |
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| Giovanni Duprè Mourning Woman (from the Sepulchral Monument to Countess Berta Moltke Ferrari-Corbelli) 1864 marble Basilica di San Lorenzo, Florence |
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| Ernst Rietschel Cupid riding a Panther ca. 1852-59 marble relief Alte Nationalgalerie, Berlin |
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| Ernst Rietschel Cupid riding a Panther ca. 1852-59 marble relief Alte Nationalgalerie, Berlin |
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| Bertel Thorvaldsen Perseus and Andromeda 1839 marble relief Alte Nationalgalerie, Berlin |
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| Bertel Thorvaldsen Perseus and Andromeda (detail) 1839 marble relief Alte Nationalgalerie, Berlin |
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| Bertel Thorvaldsen Dance of the Muses on Mount Helicon ca. 1807 marble relief Alte Nationalgalerie, Berlin |
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| Bertel Thorvaldsen Dance of the Muses on Mount Helicon (detail) ca. 1807 marble relief Alte Nationalgalerie, Berlin |