Monday, February 1, 2021

Quattrocento Tempera in Emilia Romagna and the Veneto

Liberale da Verona
Triumph of Love
(front panel of cassone - detail)
ca. 1475
tempera on panel, with giltwood surround
Museo di Castelvecchio, Verona

Liberale da Verona
Triumph of Chastity
(front panel of cassone - detail)
ca. 1475
tempera on panel, with giltwood surround
Museo di Castelvecchio, Verona

Liberale da Verona
Scene from a Novella - Encounter of Lovers
(fragment of cassone)
ca. 1475
tempera on panel
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

Liberale da Verona
Scene from a Novella - Chess Game between Lovers
(fragment of cassone)
ca. 1475
tempera on panel
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

"Even as it is true that the city of Verona is very similar to Florence in its situation, manners, and other respects, so it is also true that in the first as well as in the second there have always flourished men of the finest genius in all the noblest and most honourable professions.  Saying nothing of the learned, for with them I have nothing to do here, and continuing to speak of the men of our arts, who have always had an honourable abode in that most noble city, I come to Liberale da Verona, a disciple of Vincenzio di Stefano, a native of the same city.  . . .  Liberale imitated the manner of Jacopo Bellini, for when he was a young man, while the said Jacopo was painting the Chapel of S. Niccolò at Verona, he gave his attention under Bellini to the studies of design in such thorough fashion that, forgetting all that he had learned from Vincenzio di Stefano, he acquired the manner of Bellini and retained it ever after." 

– from Lives of the Painters, Sculptors and Architects by Giorgio Vasari (1568), translated by Gaston du C. de Vere (1912)

Antonio Leonelli
Portrait of a Young Patrician 
ca. 1475
tempera on panel
Museo Correr, Venice

Antonio Leonelli
Holy Family and St John the Baptist adoring the Child 
ca. 1490
tempera on panel
Fondazione Cavallini Sgarbi, Ferrara

Bartolomeo Bonascia
Pietà with the Virgin and St John the Evangelist
ca. 1485
tempera on panel
Palazzo dei Musei, Modena

Bartolomeo Bonascia
Pietà with the Virgin and St John the Evangelist (detail)
ca. 1485
tempera on panel
Palazzo dei Musei, Modena

Bartolomeo Bonascia
Pietà with the Virgin and St John the Evangelist
(detail of antique sarcophagus with gryphons in relief)
ca. 1485
tempera on panel
Palazzo dei Musei, Modena

Jacopo da Montagnana
The Annunciation
ca. 1494-97
tempera on panels
Gallerie dell' Accademia, Venice

Jacopo da Montagnana
St Daniel of Padua and St Louis of Toulouse
(altarpiece fragment)
ca. 1495-99
tempera on panel
Detroit Institute of Arts

Andrea Mantegna
Holy Family with Mary Magdalen
(Castelvecchio Madonna)
1495
tempera on canvas
Museo di Castelvecchio, Verona

"Mantegna's impressive antique style, with its archaeological references and its tragic or epic character, would have had a particular impact in fifteenth-century Padua.  Not only was the city proud of its Roman heritage, but it promoted the legend that it had been founded by the Trojan general Antenor, a story that made Padua out to be even older than Rome.  Padua was the birthplace of Livy, the premier Roman historian, and there was great excitement when his bones were allegedly rediscovered there in 1413.  The city supported one of the oldest and most distinguished universities in Europe, and Petrarch had resided in and near Padua in his later years.  Yet Padua had also been made subject to a modern imperialist power from 1404, when the Venetian state drove out the last ruler of the Carrara dynasty and occupied the city; Venetians occupied most of the important  administrative positions in the civic government and in the clergy."

– Stephen J. Campbell and Michael W. Cole, A New History of Italian Renaissance Art (Thames & Hudson, 2012)

Andrea Mantegna
Holy Family with Mary Magdalen
(Castelvecchio Madonna - detail)
1495
tempera on canvas
Museo di Castelvecchio, Verona

Andrea Mantegna
Holy Family with Mary Magdalen
(Castelvecchio Madonna - detail)
1495
tempera on canvas
Museo di Castelvecchio, Verona

Andrea Mantegna
Virgin and Child
with St John the Baptist and Mary Magdalen

1498
tempera on canvas
National Gallery, London