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| Albrecht Dürer Head of Suffering Man 1503 drawing British Museum |
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| Joos van Cleve Death of the Virgin ca. 1515-23 oil on panel Alte Pinakothek, Munich |
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| attributed to Guadenzio Ferrari The Road to Calvary ca. 1535 drawing British Museum |
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| Domenico Campagnola Death of St Peter Martyr before 1564 drawing British Museum |
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| Cornelis Cort after Giulio Clovio The Crucifixion 1568 hand-colored engraving printed on silk British Museum |
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| Denys Calvaert Christ at the Column ca. 1578-80 oil on panel Clark Art Institute, Williamstown, Massachusetts |
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| Luca Cambiaso The Road to Calvary before 1585 drawing British Museum |
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| Pietro Faccini Study for the Entombment ca. 1580-1600 drawing Graphische Sammlung Albertina, Vienna |
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| attributed to Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione (il Grechetto) The Crucifixion, as overseen by God the Father ca. 1650-70 oil on paper British Museum |
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| Bertholet Flémal Martyrdom of St Catherine of Alexandria before 1675 oil on canvas Musée des Beaux-Arts de Liège |
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| Sigismondo Caula The Expulsion from Paradise ca. 1690 drawing British Museum |
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| Michelangelo Cerruti Crucifixion of St Peter ca. 1695 drawing Graphische Sammlung Albertina, Vienna |
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| Gaspare Diziani Apollo and Marsyas before 1767 drawing British Museum |
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| Giovanni Battista Cipriani Ixion chained to the Wheel ca. 1779 drawing British Museum |
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| Jacobus Buys The Stoning of Stephen 1795 watercolor on paper British Museum |
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| attributed to Vincenzo Camuccini Classical Banquet with Dying Man before 1844 drawing British Museum |
-after-Daniele-da-Volterra-Descent-from-the-Cross-1856-lithograph-Blanton-Museum-of-Art-Austin-Texas.jpeg) |
| Currier & Ives after Daniele da Volterra The Descent from the Cross 1856 lithograph Blanton Museum of Art, Austin, Texas |
An Occasional Imitation of a Modern Author Upon the Game of Chess
A tablet stood of that abstersive tree
Where Æthiop's swarthy Bird did build her nest,
Inlaid it was with Lybian ivory
Drawn from the jaws of Africk's prudent beast.
Two kings like Saul, much taller than the rest,
Their equal armies draw into the field;
Till one take th' other prisoner they contest:
Courage and fortune must to conduct yield.
This game the Persian magi did invent,
The force of Eastern wisdom to express;
From thence to busy Europeans sent,
And styled by modern Lombards pensive Chess.
Yet some that fled from Troy to Rome report
Penthesilea Priam did oblige;
Her Amazons, his Trojans taught this sport,
To pass the tedious hours of ten years' siege.
There she presents herself, whilst King and Peers
Look gravely on whilst fierce Bellona fights;
Yet maiden modesty her motions steers,
Nor rudely skips o're Bishop's heads like Knights.
– Sir John Denham (1642)