Thursday, February 28, 2019

Simone Cantarini (1612-1648) - Pesaro and Bologna

Simone Cantarini
Allegory of Painting
ca. 1620-30
oil on canvas
National Museum, Warsaw

Simone Cantarini
Holy Family with St John the Baptist offering Fruit
ca. 1632-48
oil on canvas
National Trust, Kedleston Hall, Derbyshire

Simone Cantarini after Annibale Carracci
Pietà
ca. 1640
oil on alabaster
El Escorial, Madrid

"Simone Cantarini was born in 1612 in Pesaro, in the Marches.  He began his artistic training quite young, probably 1623-25, in the studio of Giovanni Giacomo Pandolfi, a painter of religious works who combined the local naturalism with the Mannerist style of the late sixteenth century.  After a brief trip to Venice, Cantarini moved to the shop of Claudio Ridolfi, a student of Paolo Veronese.  From Ridolfi he received training in the Venetian manner that was also a strong current in local tradition, as well as a deep appreciation for the work of Federico Barocci, with whom Ridolfi had worked in Urbino.  In about 1629 Ridolfi left Pesaro, forcing Cantarini to continue his studies on his own.  In addition to prints by the Carracci, the young artist turned his attention increasingly to Barocci, and also to the Caravaggesque yet very personal art of Orazio Gentileschi.  . . .  As Malvasia recounts, the most significant event of Cantarini's youth was the arrival, probably in 1632, of Guido  Reni's Madonna and Child with Saints Thomas and Jerome in Pesaro Cathedral.  . . .  The young artist quickly assimilated Guido's style and soon received important commissions.  . . .  Upon his arrival in Bologna, probably in 1634 or 1635, Cantarini presented himself in Guido's studio as a painter of little training.  His abilities soon became evident.  Although Guido recognized that Cantarini was already a fully formed painter, he made the young man his most trusted pupil and secured him many commissions.  Eventually, however, Cantarini's infamous pride and unbridled tongue came to the fore and alienated the master and the entire studio.  . . .  In 1639 Cantarini is documented at his sister's wedding in Pesaro.  It must have been shortly thereafter, in 1640 or 1641, that he made a brief trip to Rome.  Following Guido's death in 1642, Cantarini returned to Bologna, where he maintained a successful studio until his death in 1648 following a stay in Mantua.  His behavior and criticisms of the Gonzaga collection created a scandal and it is suspected that he was poisoned by an angry rival."

–  from the artist's biography in the Systematic Catalogue of the National Gallery of Art, Washington DC

Simone Cantarini
Risen Christ
ca. 1644-48
oil on canvas
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

Simone Cantarini
Archangel Michael with Hagar and Ishmael in the Wilderness
before 1648
oil on canvas
Musée des Beaux-Arts de Pau

Simone Cantarini
Rest on the Flight into Egypt
ca. 1640
oil on canvas
Pinacoteca di Brera, Milan

Simone Cantarini
St John the Baptist in the Wilderness
ca. 1640
oil on copper
National Trust, Attingham Park, Shropshire

Simone Cantarini
Virgin of the Rose
before 1648
oil on canvas
Pinacoteca San Domenico, Fano

Simone Cantarini
Sibyl Reading
ca. 1630-35
oil on canvas
Banca Popolare dell' Adriatico, Pesaro

attributed to Simone Cantarini
Noli me tangere
before 1648
oil on canvas
Schleissheim State Gallery, Bavaria

attributed to Simone Cantarini
Doubting Thomas
before 1648
oil on canvas
Schleissheim State Gallery, Bavaria

attributed to Simone Cantarini
Head of Bearded Old Man
before 1648
oil on canvas
National Trust, Saltram House, Devon

Simone Cantarini
St Luke painting the Virgin
before 1648
oil on canvas
private collection

Simone Cantarini
The Holy Trinity
ca. 1640-48
oil on canvas (unfinished)
National Galleries of Scotland

Simone Cantarini
Holy Family
ca. 1645
oil on canvas
Museo del Prado, Madrid

Flaminio Torre (1620-1661) - Bologna and Modena

Flaminio Torre
Head of Youth
before 1661
drawing
Royal Collection, Great Britain

Flaminio Torre
Head of Youth
before 1661
drawing
Royal Collection, Great Britain

attributed to Flaminio Torre
Study for a Sibyl
before 1661
drawing
Royal Collection, Great Britain

Flaminio Torre
Figure-study
before 1661
drawing
Royal Collection, Great Britain

"An undoubted scholar of Simone Cantarini was Flaminio Torre, called degli Ancinelli, who came from the studio of Giacomo Cavedone and Guido Reni.  His chief talent consisted in an easy and perfect imitation of every style, which brought him as high a price for his copies as was given for the originals of eminent artists, sometimes even more.  Though not learned in the theory of the art, by his practical ability he acquired the manner of Cantarini, dismissing, however, his ashy colour, and often turning to the imitation of Guido.  He was court-painter at Modena; and at Bologna in particular are preserved both scriptural and profane histories, displaying very pleasing figures as  large as Poussin, or on the same scale.  Some I saw in possession of Monsig. Bonfigliuoli, others in the collection of the librarian Magnani; and some still more firm, and in the best style of colouring, in the Ratta palace.  Yet we rarely meet with them uninjured by the use of rock oil, which he carried to excess; and his church paintings, such as a Deposition from the Cross at S. Giorgio, as they have been least attended to, have suffered the most.  On the death of Simone Cantarini [in 1648], as his first pupil, Flaminio Torre succeeded to his magisterial office, and promoted the progress of the scholars whom Cantarini left.  Of these, Girolamo Rossi succeeded better in engraving than in painting.  Lorenzo Pasinelli became an excellent master, but of a different style, as we shall see in another epoch.  The most eminent among Torre's disciples was Giulio Cesare Milani, rather admired in the churches of Bologna, and extolled in many adjacent states."   

– Luigi Lanzi, from The History of Painting in Italy: the schools of Bologna, Ferrara, Genoa and Piedmont, translated by Thomas Roscoe (London: H.G. Bohn, 1847)

Flaminio Torre
St John the Baptist
before 1661
drawing
National Library of Brazil, Rio de Janeiro

Flaminio Torre
St John the Evangelist in clouds
before 1661
drawing
National Library of Brazil, Rio de Janeiro

Flaminio Torre
Virgin and Child
before 1661
drawing
National Library of Brazil, Rio de Janeiro

Flaminio Torre
Head of Child
before 1661
drawing
National Library of Brazil, Rio de Janeiro

Flaminio Torre
Head of Young Woman
before 1661
drawing
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

Flaminio Torre
Studies of the Virgin and Child, and a Monastic Saint supported by Angels
before 1661
drawing
British Museum

Flaminio Torre
Group of Figures
before 1661
drawing
Morgan Library, New York

attributed to Flaminio Torre
Study of Standing Woman, and Head of Christ
before 1661
drawing
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

attributed to Flaminio Torre
Study of Standing Woman
before 1661
drawing
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

attributed to Flaminio Torre
Virgin and Child
before 1661
drawing
British Museum

attributed to Flaminio Torre
St Peter in Penitence
before 1661
oil on canvas
Palais Lichtenstein, Vienna

Wednesday, February 27, 2019

Jacopo Vignali (1592-1664) - Florence

Jacopo Vignali
Archangel Michael delivering Souls from Purgatory
before 1664
oil on canvas
Chiesa dei Santi Michele e Gaetano, Florence

Jacopo Vignali
Archangel Michael
ca. 1620
oil on canvas
private collection

Jacopo Vignali
Balaam's Ass and the Angel
ca. 1640-50
oil on canvas
Museo Civico, Prato

attributed to Jacopo Vignali
Abraham and the Three Angels
before 1664
oil on canvas
Hermitage, Saint Petersburg

At an early age Jacopo Vignali entered the studio of Matteo Rosselli in Florence.  In 1616 he joined the Accademia del Disegno in that city.  His earliest works were influenced by Rosselli and by Ludovico Cigoli, but in the 1620s he moved away from them and developed a style distinguished by dramatic light effects and rich color.  After visiting Rome in 1625, Vignali's manner shifted again, more toward to the austere compositions of Domenico Passignano, Francesco Curradi, and Giovanni Lanfranco.  His most famous pupil was Carlo Dolci. while others included Domenico Bettini, Romolo Panfi, and Alessandro Rosi.

Jacopo Vignali
Tobias and the Archangel Raphael
ca. 1623
oil on canvas
Museo Civico, Prato

Jacopo Vignali
Virgin and Child with St Dominic and St Francis of Assisi
before 1664
oil on canvas
Chiesa San Pietro di Ripoli

Jacopo Vignali
St Louis of France visiting an Almshouse
before 1664
oil on canvas
Princeton University Art Museum

Jacopo Vignali
St Gregory the Great
ca. 1630
oil on canvas
Walters Art Museum, Baltimore

Jacopo Vignali
Jael and Sisera
ca. 1630-40
oil on canvas
private collection

Jacopo Vignali
Figure-studies for St Paul curing the Sick
before 1664
drawing
Princeton University Art Museum

Jacopo Vignali
Expulsion of Heliodorus
before 1664
drawing
British Museum

Jacopo Vignali
Domine, Quo Vadis?
before 1664
drawing
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

Jacopo Vignali
David playing the Harp before King Saul
before 1664
drawing
Los Angeles County Museum of Art

Jacopo Vignali
Sketches of Three Female Figures
before 1664
drawing
Morgan Library, New York

Carlo Dolci (1616-1696) - Florence

Carlo Dolci
Portrait of Archduchess Claudia Felicitas of Austria
1672
oil on canvas
Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna

Carlo Dolci
Portrait of Vittoria della Rovere, Grand Duchess of Tuscany
ca. 1650
oil on canvas
Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna

"Son of a tailor, Carlo Dolci was the most important Florentine painter of the 17th century.  He entered the studio of Jacopo Vignali in about 1625, and his prodigious output secured him a high reputation from an early age.  By the 1640s demand for his work had grown to such an extent that he often repeated compositions.  Dolci was a meticulous and also a slow worker.  His highly refined style differs greatly from contemporary Italian painters, and may show the influence of the Dutch pictures to which he would have had access in the Medici collections."

– from curator's notes at the National Gallery, London

Carlo Dolci
Salome with the Head of St John the Baptist
ca. 1665-70
oil on canvas
Royal Collection, Great Britain

Carlo Dolci
Salome with the Head of St John the Baptist
ca. 1681-85
oil on canvas
Glasgow Museums

Carlo Dolci
St Catherine of Siena
ca. 1665
oil on panel
Dulwich Picture Gallery, London

Carlo Dolci
Tobias and the Archangel Raphael
ca. 1630-40
oil on canvas
private collection

Carlo Dolci
St Matthew writing his Gospel
ca. 1670-80
oil on canvas
Getty Museum, Los Angeles

Carlo Dolci
St Christina of Bolsena
ca. 1650-55
oil on panel
National Trust, Kedleston Hall, Derbyshire

Carlo Dolci
St John the Baptist
ca. 1645
oil on canvas
National Trust, Hatchlands Park, Surrey

Carlo Dolci
St Andrew praying before his Martyrdom
1643
oil on canvas
Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery, Warwickshire

Carlo Dolci
Adoration of the Magi
ca. 1633-34
oil on canvas
Glasgow Museums

Carlo Dolci
Virgin and Child with the infant St John the Baptist
ca. 1635-38
oil on panel
Museum of Fine Arts, Houston

Carlo Dolci
Allegory of Patience
1677
oil on canvas
private collection

Carlo Dolci
Charity
1659
oil on canvas
Museo Civico, Prato

Carlo Dolci
Virgin of the Annunciation
ca. 1650-60
oil on canvas
Musée du Louvre