Monday, February 4, 2019

Gerrit van Honthorst (1592-1656) - Utrecht and Rome

Gerrit van Honthorst
Samson and Delilah
ca. 1615
oil on canvas
Cleveland Museum of Art

Gerrit van Honthorst
Childhood of Christ
ca. 1620
oil on canvas
Hermitage, Saint Petersburg

Gerrit van Honthorst
Christ before Caiaphas
ca. 1617
oil on canvas
National Gallery, London

Gerrit van Honthorst
Solder with Young Woman
ca. 1621
oil on canvas
Herzog Anton Ulrich Museum, Braunschweig

"Gerrit van Honthorst's night paintings created such a sensation in Rome that he was known as Gherardo delle Notti.  An Utrecht native and son of a painter of tapestry cartoons, Honthorst's reputation was made with these nocturnal pictures, usually religious subjects.  A single candle served as the light source whose rays were shielded by the figures.  The lighting was derived from Caravaggio's works, and Honthorst's role in bringing knowledge of Caravaggio and his followers to the North was critical; many painters, including Rembrandt van Rijn and Georges de la Tour, were influenced by Honthorst's Caravaggesque pictures.  After nearly ten years in Rome, Honthorst settled in Utrecht in 1620, where he soon abandoned his Caravaggesque manner and adopted a much lighter palette.  In 1628 he was called to England to paint the royal family.  There he began his second court style, painting portraits in the manner of Anthony van Dyck.  Honthorst spent the rest of his career as court painter at The Hague, where he largely devoted himself to portraits, becoming one of the few seventeenth-century Dutch artists to earn an international reputation."

– from biographical sketch by curators at the Getty Museum

Gerrit van Honthorst
Adoration of the Shepherds
1622
oil on canvas
Pomeranian State Museum (Germany)

Gerrit van Honthorst
Christ crowned with Thorns
ca. 1622
oil on canvas
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

Gerrit van Honthorst
St Sebastian
ca. 1623
oil on canvas
National Gallery, London

Gerrit van Honthorst
The Concert
1623
oil on canvas
National Gallery of Art, Washington DC

Gerrit van Honthorst
Musical Group on a Balcony
1622
oil on panel
Getty Museum, Los Angeles

"In his early period, Honthorst appears as a painter striving to emulate Bartolomeo Manfredi and Valentin de Boulogne.  The powerful realism characteristic of his later period seems to have been for the most part concealed under a cloak of monumental painting while he was in Rome.  . . .  Honthorst's  composition and his draftsmanship are correct, simple in their linearity, and unmannered, but lacking in terseness and expressive power.  There is also a rather polished and impersonal quality to his brushwork.  In his later works his palette brightens considerably; in respect to style and subject matter, he distanced himself from his Italianate beginnings once he returned to Holland."

– Hermann Voss, from Baroque Painting in Rome (1925), revised and translated by Thomas Pelzel (San Francisco: Alan Wofsy, 1997)

Gerrit van Honthorst
Satyr and Nymph
1623
oil on canvas
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

Gerrit van Honthorst
Concert on a Balcony
1624
oil on canvas
Musée du Louvre

Gerrit van Honthorst
The Procuress
1625
oil on canvas
Centraal Museum, Utrecht

Gerrit van Honthorst
Granida and Daifilo
1625
oil on canvas
Centraal Museum, Utrecht

Gerrit van Honthorst
The Concert
ca. 1626-30
oil on canvas
Galleria Borghese, Rome

Gerrit van Honthorst
Portrait of a Gentleman
1631
oil on canvas
private collection