Wednesday, January 23, 2019

Bernardo Strozzi (1581-1644) - Genoa and Venice

Bernardo Strozzi
Design for a silver basin with scenes from the life of Cleopatra
ca. 1613-24
oil on canvas
Ashmolean Museum, Oxford

Bernardo Strozzi (designer)
Basin with scenes from the life of Cleopatra
ca. 1620-25
silver, made in Genoa, possibly by Francesco Fanelli
Getty Museum, Los Angeles

Bernardo Strozzi
St John the Baptist questioned about Christ
ca. 1618-20
oil on canvas
National Trust, Kedleston Hall, Derbyshire

Bernardo Strozzi
Release of St Peter from Prison
ca. 1635
oil on canvas
Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney

Bernardo Strozzi
Annunciation
ca. 1644
oil on canvas
Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest

"Born to impoverished parents in Genoa, Bernardo Strozzi trained under the Sienese painter Pietro Sorri (1556-1622), who was in Genoa around 1595-1597.  Strozzi entered the Capuchin order in 1599 as a novice and became a brother in 1600, an obligation that, though brief, was to haunt him throughout his entire career.  By 1609, Strozzi was granted a dispensation to leave the Monastery when his mother fell ill and his unmarried sister was without support.  He immediately devoted himself full-time to painting and to various projects as an engineer for the port of Genoa.   . . .  Strozzi, who was also called "Cappuccino," continued as an independent artist through the 1620s, until, after his mother died in 1630, the brothers of San Barnaba demanded that Strozzi complete his obligation to the Capuchin order.  In 1630, Strozzi was brought before the procurator of the order who denied his request to become a Canon Regular of the Lateran (the Augustinians of San Teodoro) and ordered him to return to the Franciscan Minorites.   Despite safe conducts and extensions of Strozzi's dispensation, which came through the intervention of the Roman Curia and the Genoese Senate, he appears to have had to choose between imprisonment and flight.  The date and circumstances of his departure for Venice are hotly contested.  . . .  Recent discoveries of family documents place the artist in Genoa as late as 1632.  . . .  In 1633 Strozzi requested and was granted a safe conduct by the Savio della Serenissima [of Venice] on the basis of his being "persecuted" by the papal court in Rome.  Within two years, Strozzi rose to a position of celebrity and esteem [in Venice], as he was granted the title of "Monsignor" (and known more popularly as "Prete genovese").  . . .  He finished his career as he began it, working both as painter and engineer.  Bernardo Strozzi died in Venice in 1644."

– extracts from the artist's biography as published in the Systematic Catalogue of the National Gallery of Art, Washington DC

Bernardo Strozzi
Adoration of the Shepherds
ca. 1615
oil on canvas
Walters Art Museum, Baltimore

Bernardo Strozzi
Charity of St Lawrence
1639-40
oil on canvas
Chiesa di San Nicolò da Tolentino, Venice

Bernardo Strozzi
St Veronica
1620-25
oil on canvas
Museo del Prado, Madrid

Bernardo Strozzi
David with the Head of Goliath
ca. 1631-41
oil on canvas
Cincinnati Art Museum
 
Bernardo Strozzi
St Sebastian tended by St Irene and her Maid
(upper portion as divided in the 17th century)
ca. 1631-36
oil on canvas
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

Bernardo Strozzi
St Sebastian tended by St Irene and her Maid
(lower portion as divided in the 17th century)
ca. 1631-36
oil on canvas
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

Bernardo Strozzi
The Tribute Money
ca. 1630-40
oil on canvas
Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest

Bernardo Strozzi
The Concert
ca. 1635
oil on canvas
Royal Collection, Great Britain

Bernardo Strozzi
Young St John the Baptist
ca. 1620-25
oil on canvas
Pinacoteca di Brera, Milan

As this sampling of paintings demonstrates, Strozzi particularly relished the representation of hands.  Many artists, even in the 17th century (when techniques of rendering anatomy were far more refined and widely deployed than at present) can be observed avoiding or minimizing the depiction of the human hand in action – its expressiveness so much more difficult to render than that of the human face. The faces of Strozzi's figures actually tend to carry less of the picture's emotional weight than the supple and prominent hands.

Bernardo Strozzi
Hand holding empty gloves
ca. 1630-40
drawing
National Gallery of Art, Washington DC