Thursday, March 21, 2019

Andrea Pozzo (1642-1709) - Rome and Vienna

Andrea Pozzo
Perspective Design for trompe-l'oeil Dome and Cupola
(Chiesa di Sant' Ignazio di Loyola, Rome)
from the 1719 edition of Pozzo's treatise, originally published in 1693
engraving
Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum

after Andrea Pozzo
Trompe-l'oeil Dome and Cupola
(Chiesa di Sant' Ignazio di Loyola, Rome)
ca. 1725
anonymous drawing of Pozzo's installation
Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum

Andrea Pozzo
Trompe-l'oeil Dome and Cupola
1685
oil on canvas (restoration)
Chiesa di Sant' Ignazio di Loyola, Rome

"Andrea Pozzo was an architect, painter, scenographer, and Jesuit lay brother.  He worked in a variety of media, including fresco, oil paint, and wooden stage sets.  In the service of his major patron, the Society of Jesus, Pozzo decorated Jesuit buildings in Mondovì, Rome, Frascati, Vienna, and elsewhere.  One of his greatest legacies is his two-volume treatise, Perspectiva Pictorum et Architectorum [Perspective in Architecture and Painting, first published in 1693], which explores the theory of perspective and reproduces artistic programs that Pozzo designed for Jesuit churches in Rome, including frescoes, altars, and ephemeral architecture."

– from curator's notes at the Art Institute of Chicago

"In 1685 Pozzo painted in the then still-unfinished church of St. Ignazio in Rome an illusionistic cupola which was at first much acclaimed because of its trompe-l'oeil effect, but later, in the 18th century, was less and less admired because Pozzo had employed an unstable technique, using thin canvas as the ground for the painting."

– Hermann Voss, from Baroque Painting in Rome (1925), revised and translated by Thomas Pelzel (San Francisco: Alan Wofsy, 1997)

Andrea Pozzo
Triumph of St Ignatius Loyola
(illusionistic vault fresco in Chiesa di Sant' Ignazio di Loyola, Rome)
1702
engraving by Girolamo Frezza and Arnold van Westerhout
British Museum

Andrea Pozzo
Triumph of St Ignatius Loyola
1685-90
illusionistic vault fresco
Chiesa di Sant' Ignazio di Loyola, Rome

Andrea Pozzo
Illusionistic Apse Fresco behind the High Altar
(Chiesa di Sant' Ignazio di Loyola, Rome)
1689-
engraving by Nicolas Dorigny
British Museum

Andrea Pozzo
Study for the Altar of St Luigi Gonzaga
(Chiesa di Sant' Ignazio di Loyola, Rome)
ca. 1697
drawing
Philadelphia Museum of Art

Andrea Pozzo
Chapel of St Ignatius in Chiesa del Gesù, Rome
(left transept, with frescoes by Andrea Pozzo)
1697
engraving by Vincenzo Mariotti
British Museum

"Pozzo came to Rome a mature and tested artist; it nevertheless required some time before he was recognized, and even then he was not fully able to silence the principle opponents of his style.  There were connoisseurs – and in no small number – who preferred the simplicity of the original ornamental division of the ceiling of the nave of Il Gesù to Pozzo's ingenious illusionistic extension of the vaulting.  There is in fact much to be said in defense of the principles these critics represent.  The determining factor was of course Pozzo's theoretically based mastery of the art of fusing a given architectonic reality with a visionary appearance; what he had achieved in this respect could not be ignored even by the partisans of the Roman monumental tradition.  At the same time, it was not a matter of coincidence that Pozzo spent the remainder of his life in the North, where his illusionistic concept of painting was received with more understanding and his arbitrary treatment of architectonic forms was more readily indulged."

– Hermann Voss, from Baroque Painting in Rome (1925), revised and translated by Thomas Pelzel (San Francisco: Alan Wofsy, 1997)

Andrea Pozzo
Hercules Hall
1704-08
illusionistic ceiling fresco
Liechtenstein Palace, Vienna

Andrea Pozzo
 Hercules Hall
1704-08
fresco (detail)
Liechtenstein Palace, Vienna

Andrea Pozzo
Hercules Hall
1704-08
fresco (detail)
Liechtenstein Palace, Vienna

Andrea Pozzo
Allegory of the House of Austria
(sculptors carving statue of Pallas Athena and busts of Hapsburg rulers)
ca. 1695-1705
engraving by Johann Andreas Pfeffel after design by Andrea Pozzo
British Museum

Andrea Pozzo
Catafalque for Emperor Leopold I in the Jesuit Church, Vienna
1705
etching by Johann Andreas Pfeffel and Christian Engelbrecht
after design by Andrea Pozzo
British Museum

Andrea Pozzo
Self-portrait
1703
drawing
Museum Kunstpalast, Düsseldorf