Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Renaissance and Mannerist Printmakers (Sixteenth Century)

Monogrammist PP
Triumph of the Moon
ca. 1500-1510
engraving and drypoint
Art Institute of Chicago

"Closer still to [Giulio] Campagnola, and possibly even superior to him in quality, was the mysterious Ferrarese printmaker known only by the initials PP.  Just nine prints have been recorded by his hand, all combining engraving with drypoint and stipple work, and all of extraordinary subtlety.  This Master PP followed Giulio's experience almost to the letter, and in his best print – the allegory of the Triumph of the Moon, known in three states – it is clear that the artist went from pure line engraving to rich dotted work, exactly as Campagnola had done."  

– David Landau and Peter W. Parshall, The Renaissance Print, 1470-1550 (Yale University Press, 1994)

Albrecht Dürer
The Standard Bearer
ca. 1500
engraving
Art Institute of Chicago

Albrecht Dürer
Satyr Family
1505
engraving
Art Institute of Chicago

Benedetto Montagna after Albrecht Dürer
The Great Horse
ca. 1506-1510
engraving
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

Benedetto Montagna
Man seated by a Palm Tree
ca. 1510-15
engraving
National Gallery of Art, Washington DC

Benedetto Montagna
St George
1506
engraving
Art Institute of Chicago

Marcantonio after Raphael
The Morbetto, or, The Plague of Phrygia
(scene from The Aeneid)
1515-16
engraving
Art Institute of Chicago

Raphael's drawing of The Plague in Phrygia, ca. 1512, on which Marcantonio's engraving is based, was itself derived from an episode in Virgil's Aeneid.  After the fall of Troy, survivors had relocated and begun to build a new city, "when suddenly the air was poisoned, and a terrible insidious sickness took possession of human bodies, the leaves on the trees, and the seeds in the fields."  Raphael and Marcantonio set this literary plague-scene against the ruinous state of Rome's ancient remains, newly valued by Renaissance artists and thinkers, and newly subject to efforts aimed at preservation and restoration.  The print implies that both corporal and cultural "sickness" stand in equal need of care. 

Daniel Hopfer
Three Turkish Soldiers (Cavalrymen)
ca. 1520
etching
Art Institute of Chicago

Daniel Hopfer
Adam
ca. 1522
etching
Art Institute of Chicago

Daniel Hopfer
Eve
ca. 1522
etching
Art Institute of Chicago

Heinrich Aldegrever
Judith with the Head of Holofernes
1528
engraving
Art Institute of Chicago

Barthel Beham
Judith with the Head of Holofernes
1525
engraving
Art Institute of Chicago

Sebald Beham
Judith with the Head of Holofernes
ca. 1520-30
engraving
Art Institute of Chicago

Sebald Beham
Buffoon and Two Bathing Women
1541
engraving
Art Institute of Chicago