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| Chrétien Dubois Académie 1804 drawing Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam |
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| Chrétien Dubois Académie ca. 1805 drawing Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam |
The idealized academic nude of the 17th and 18th centuries, subtly smoothed and balanced, continues as a standard art-school exercise into the 19th century, but gradually coarsens and thickens. European academies, in other words, remain fierce in their traditional commitment to life-drawing, but the former conviction and the former ambition gradually seep out of it.
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| Jacob Willemz de Vos Académie 1809 drawing Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam |
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| Jan Willem Pieneman Académie ca. 1810 drawing Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam |
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| Jan Willem Pieneman Académie ca. 1810 drawing Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam |
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| Cornelis Kruseman Académie 1817 drawing Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam |
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| Dirk Jurriaan Sluyter Académie 1830 etching Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam |
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| Johannes Philippus Lange Académie 1836 engraving Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam |
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| Frans Molenaar Académie 1843 engraving Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam |
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| William Mulready Académie 1846, reworked 1857 drawing Tate, London |
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| August Allebé Académie ca. 1854 drawing Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam |
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| Pieter van Loon Académie before 1873 drawing Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam |
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| Pieter de Josselin de Jong Académie 1879 drawing Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam |
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| Fernand Cormon Académie ca. 1880 drawing Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam |