Tuesday, January 6, 2026

Roman Heads

Ancient Roman Culture
Livia Drusilla
1st century AD
marble
Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen

Ancient Roman Culture
Herodotus
2nd century AD
marble
Antikensammlung, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin

Ancient Roman Culture
Alexander the Great
AD 150-175
marble
Antikensammlung, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin

Ancient Roman Culture
Goddess
2nd century AD
marble
Antikensammlung, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin

Ancient Roman Culture
Youth
AD 140-160
marble
Museumslandschaft Hessen Kassel

Ancient Roman Culture
Silenus
2nd century AD
marble
Antikensammlung, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin

Ancient Roman Culture
Augustus
early 1st century AD
marble
(colossal statue fragment, excavated in Gaul)
Musée d'Art Classique de Mougins

Ancient Roman Culture
Diadumenos
AD 120-130
marble
Museumslandschaft Hessen Kassel

Ancient Roman Culture
Doryphoros
AD 100-120
marble
Museumslandschaft Hessen Kassel

Ancient Roman Culture
Venus
AD 160-180
marble
Museumslandschaft Hessen Kassel

Ancient Roman Culture
Julius Caesar
60-30 BC
marble
Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, Leiden

Ancient Roman Culture
Warrior
AD 110
marble
(frieze fragment)
Antikensammlung, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin

Ancient Roman Culture
Pyrrhus, King of Epirus  
1st century AD
marble
(copy of 3rd century BC portrait head)
Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen

Ancient Roman Culture
 Pericles
AD 50
marble
(in archaic style)
Antikensammlung, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin

Ancient Roman Culture
Clodius Albinus
AD 175-200
marble
(colossal statue fragment)
Musée d'Art Classique de Mougins

Ancient Roman Culture
Germanicus
AD 20
marble
Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen

Pelasgus:  I see this company, shaded by fresh-plucked boughs, supplicating in the name of these Assembled Gods.  May the business of these citizen-strangers not prove ruinous, and may this event, never expected or planned for, not bring strife to the community: the city doesn't need that!

Chorus:  May the Right that protects suppliants, servant of Zeus Klarios, 
                indeed see that our flight does not prove ruinous!
                But, old and wise as you are, learn from one later born:
                if you respect one who turns to you for succour, you will not
                ever have a life of want:
                the gods are disposed to accept the offerings
                of a man pure of stain.

Pelasgus:  You are not sitting at the hearth of my house. If the city as a whole is threatened with pollution, it must be the concern of the people as a whole to work out a cure, I cannot make a binding promise beforehand, but only after making this matter known to the whole citizen body.

Chorus:  You are the city, I tell you, you are the people! 
                A head of state, not subject to judgement,
                you control the altar, the hearth of the city,
                by your vote and nod alone;
                with your sceptre alone, on your throne, you determine
                every matter. Guard against pollution!

Pelasgus:  As for pollution, may it befall my enemies!  But I cannot aid you without causing harm; yet it is also not wise to disregard these prayers.  I am at a loss – fear grips my mind – whether to act, or not to act and take my chances.

Chorus:  Look out for him who looks down from above,
                the guardian of toil-worn mortals 
                who sit to supplicate others
                and do not get the justice that custom dictates.
                The wrath of Zeus god of suppliants is enduring
                and not to be placated by the laments of its victim.

Pelasgus:  If the sons of Aegyptus have power over you by the law of your state, saying they are your nearest kin,* who would be willing to oppose that claim?  You must plead your case, you see, under the laws of your home country to show that they have no authority over you. 

Chorus:  May I never in any way become subject
                to the power of males! To avoid
                a hateful marriage, I am prepared to flee
                right up to the stars! Choose Justice as your ally,
                make the judgement that the gods approve. 

– Aeschylus, from Suppliants (ca. 470-460 BC), translated by Alan H. Sommerstein (2008)

*i.e. if it is the case that under Egyptian law a man is entitled as of right to demand a woman in marriage if he is her nearest kinsman. By evading an answer to this point, the Danaids virtually admit that this is indeed the legal position.