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| Bicci di Lorenzo Virgin and Child enthroned with Angels 1433 tempera on panel Galleria Nazionale di Parma |
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| Francesco di Giorgio Martini Virgin and Child with St Jerome, St Anthony of Padua and Angels ca. 1469-72 tempera on panel Museum of Fine Arts, Boston |
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| Neroccio de' Landi Virgin and Child with St Anthony Abbot and St Sigismund ca. 1490-95 tempera on panel National Gallery of Art, Washington DC |
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| Raphael Virgin and Child (The Orléans Madonna) ca. 1505-1507 oil on panel Musée Condé, Chantilly |
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| Lucas Cranach the Elder Virgin and Child with young St John the Baptist ca. 1509-1512 oil on panel Brukenthal National Museum, Sibiu, Romania |
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| Ambrogio Bergognone Virgin and Child ca. 1512-20 tempera on panel Galleria Sabauda, Turin |
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| Bernardino Luini Virgin and Child (Madonna of the Carnation) ca. 1515 oil on panel National Gallery of Art, Washington DC |
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| Domenico Puligo (Domenico Ubaldini) Virgin and Child ca. 1515-17 oil on panel Galleria Borghese, Rome |
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| Pontormo (Jacopo Carrucci) Virgin and Child with young St John the Baptist ca. 1529-30 oil on panel Gallerie degli Uffizi, Florence |
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| Jacopo Sansovino Virgin and Child ca. 1530-40 painted papier-maché relief Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest |
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| Marcellus Coffermans Virgin and Child enthroned with Musical Angels ca. 1550-75 oil on panel Museum Mayer van den Bergh, Antwerp |
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| Sofonisba Anguissola Virgin and Child 1598 oil on canvas Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest |
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| Jan Brueghel the Younger Rest on the Flight into Egypt ca. 1626 oil on panel Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna |
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| Pietro da Cortona (Pietro Berrettini) Virgin and Child ca. 1641 oil on canvas Musée des Beaux-Arts de Bordeaux |
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| Francesco Mancini Rest on the Flight into Egypt ca. 1725 oil on canvas Pinacoteca Vaticana, Rome |
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| Carle Vanloo Virgin and Child 1738 oil on canvas Musée des Beaux-Arts de Rouen |
But the rest of the Thebans that should with their whole power have been there before day for fear the surprise should not succeed with those that were in, came so late with their aid that they heard the news of what was done by the way. Now Plataea is from Thebes seventy furlongs, and they marched the slower for the rain which had fallen the same night. For the river Asopus was swollen so high that it was not easily passable. So that what by the foulness of the way and what by the difficulty of passing the river, they arrived not till their men were already some slain and some taken prisoners. When the Thebans understood how things had gone, they lay in wait for such of the Plataeans as were without (for there were abroad in the villages both men and household stuff, as was not unlikely, the evil happening unexpectedly and in time of peace), desiring, if they could take any prisoners, to keep them for exchange for those of theirs within, which (if any were so) were saved alive. This was the Thebans' purpose. But the Plataeans, whilst they were yet in council, suspecting that some such thing would be done and fearing their case without, sent a herald unto the Thebans whom they commanded to say that what they had already done, attempting to surprise their city in time of peace, was done wickedly, and to forbid them to do any injury to those without, and that otherwise they would kill all those men of theirs that they had alive, which, if they would withdraw their forces out of their territory, they would again restore unto them. Thus the Thebans say, and that the Plataeans did swear it. But the Plataeans confess not that they promised to deliver them presently but upon treaty if they should agree, and deny that they swore it. Upon this the Thebans went out of their territory; and the Plataeans, when they had speedily taken in whatsoever they had in the country, immediately slew their prisoners. They that were taken were one hundred and eighty; and Eurymachus, with whom the traitors had practised, was one.
– from The Peloponnesian War as written by Thucydides (5th century BC) and translated by Thomas Hobbes (1628) and edited by David Grene (1959)
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