Thursday, January 24, 2019

Guido Reni (1575-1642) - Bologna and Rome

Guido Reni
David with the Head of Goliath
1606
oil on canvas
Musée du Louvre

Guido Reni
Christ appearing to the Virgin
ca. 1608
oil on canvas
Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge

Guido Reni
Paul rebukes the repentant Peter
1609
oil on canvas
Pinacoteca di Brera, Milan

Guido Reni
Triumph of Samson
ca. 1611-12
oil on canvas
Pinacoteca Nazionale, Bologna

"One of the great lyrical Old Masters of the 17th century, Guido Reni was among the best-known members of the Bolognese school of painting, which – led by Annibale Carracci and his brother Agostino – did so much to define Baroque art in Rome, Venice and Naples during the period 1590-1630.  . . .  Like all members of the Carracci academy, Reni absorbed the classical tradition of meticulous, firm drawing.  Though he experimented with the new naturalism of Caravaggio, the main influences on his graceful style were classical sculpture and the works of Raphael.  . . .  Immaculately dressed, often accompanied by servants, Reni earned huge sums for his paintings in Bologna, where he became the city's leading artist after the death of Ludovico Carracci in 1619.  Reni's reputation as an important exponent of classical Baroque painting endured for more than two centuries, until the art critic John Ruskin (1819-1900) dismissed him as insincere and sentimental."

Guido Reni
Torso of Apollo
(study for Aurora fresco, Palazzo Rospigliosi, Rome)
ca. 1614
drawing
Royal Collection, Great Britain

Guido Reni
Hercules on the Pyre
1617-19
oil on canvas
Musée du Louvre

Guido Reni
Bacchus and Ariadne
1619-20
oil on canvas
Los Angeles County Museum of Art

Guido Reni
Study for the Head of Christ
ca. 1620
drawing
Royal Collection, Great Britain

Guido Reni
Torso
ca. 1620
drawing
National Galleries of Scotland

Guido Reni
Baptism of Christ
ca. 1623
oil on canvas
Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna

Guido Reni
Joseph and Potiphar's Wife
1625-26
oil on canvas
Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge

Guido Reni
St John the Baptist in the Wilderness
1636-37
oil on canvas
Dulwich Picture Gallery, London

"Commissions came to Guido in droves; and there was no lord or man of high rank who did not wish to distinguish himself by having some stroke of his brush in his house or to preserve in some sacred place.  Many works were also sought after for gain, due to the example of those that have doubled the profit on them many times over; therefore, as it is virtually impossible for us to continue with such a large number of works produced by this master, we will put a note about everything at the end, leaving it to those who happen to admire them to praise them.  Now let us truly consider the fact that with his brushstrokes he successfully executed so many pictures and copious altarpieces that he made more wealth for himself alone than did all the other painters of his native city combined, even though they possessed outstanding merit.  Hence at this point we are forced to bemoan human folly that a man endowed with the rarest virtues of heart and of genius, as Guido was, should then put himself unluckily at the mercy of one point of cards or dice, losing all his earnings, and what is graver still, that he should trust his very reputation to chance, as well as that noble, lofty genius of his, because, being unable to withstand the continual losses and runs of hard luck that were sometimes beyond his capabilities, he would attempt to make up for it by painting, anticipating advance payments and projects which he would then be unable to conclude except with hardship and travail."

– Giovan Pietro Bellori, from The Lives of the Modern Painters, Sculptors and Architects (1672), translated by Alice Sedgwick Wohl (Cambridge University Press, 2005)

Guido Reni
Ecce Homo
ca. 1639
oil on canvas
Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge

Guido Reni
Polyphemus
1639-40
oil on canvas
Pinacoteca Capitolina, Rome

Guido Reni
Blessed Soul
ca. 1640-42
oil on canvas
Pinacoteca Capitolina, Rome