-Cabinet-d'Arts-Graphiques-des-Mus%C3%A9es-d'Art-et-d'Histoire-Gen%C3%A8ve.jpeg) |
| Anonymous Russian Artist Astronomical Diagram 1917 lithograph (poetic text by Vasily Kamensky) Cabinet d'Arts Graphiques des Musées d'Art et d'Histoire, Genève |
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| Walter Dexel Bridge of Stars 1919 woodcut Städtisches Museum, Braunschweig |
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| Hans Burgkmair the Younger Stars falling from the Sky ca. 1550 drawing (Bible illustration - Apocalypse) Museum für Angewandte Kunst, Vienna |
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| Conrad Martin Metz Centaur Chiron instructing Achilles in Astronomy 1804 drawing Graphische Sammlung Albertina, Vienna |
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| Anonymous German Artist Suns and Moons with Faces ca. 1575 woodcut Herzog August Bibliothek, Wolfenbüttel |
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| Hans Wolff Glaser Miraculous Face in the Moon over Nuremberg, seen by Many 1561 hand-colored woodcut and letterpress (broadside) Graphische Sammlung, Zentralbibliothek Zürich |
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| Hans Schäufelein Earthquake and Fire from Heaven 1523 woodcut (Bible illustration - Apocalypse) Graphische Sammlung Albertina, Vienna |
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| Monogrammist IB Sol (series, Seven Planets) 1528 engraving Graphische Sammlung, ETH Zürich |
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| Monogrammist IB Mercury (series, Seven Planets) 1528 engraving Graphische Sammlung, ETH Zürich |
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| Monogrammist IB Venus (series, Seven Planets) 1528 engraving Graphische Sammlung, ETH Zürich |
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| Étienne Delaune Venus (series, Seven Planets) 1557 engraving Graphische Sammlung, ETH Zürich |
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| Anonymous German Artist Mars (series, Seven Planets) ca. 1550-75 woodcut Herzog August Bibliothek, Wulfenbüttel |
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| Jan Sadeler the Elder after Marten de Vos the Elder Astronomy (series, Seven Liberal Arts) ca. 1590 engraving Museum für Angewandte Kunst, Vienna |
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| Jacques de Gheyn II Portrait of astronomer Tycho Brahe ca. 1595 engraving Graphische Sammlung, ETH Zürich |
-Portrait-of-astrologer-Luca-Gaurico-c1615-engraving-Herzog-August-Bibliothek-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel.jpg) |
| Johann Theodor de Bry Portrait of astrologer Luca Gaurico ca. 1615 engraving Herzog August Bibliothek, Wolfenbüttel |
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| Anonymous German Artist Geometer and Astronomer 16th century woodcut Herzog Anton Ulrich Museum, Braunschweig |
But the contrary faction to the traitors being superior in number, whereby the gates were not opened presently, both they and Eucles the general, who was then there for the Athenians to keep the town, sent unto the other general, Thucydides, the son of Olorus, the writer of this history, who had charge in Thrace, and was now about Thasos (which is an island and a colony of the Parians, distant from Amphipolis about half a day's sail), requiring him to come and relieve them. When he heard the news, he went thitherwards in all haste with seven galleys, which chanced to be with him at that time. His purpose principally was to prevent the yielding up of Amphipolis; but if he should fail of that, then to possess himself of Eion before Brasidas' coming.
Brasidas, in the meantime, fearing the aid of the galleys to come from Thasos, and having also been informed that Thucydides possessed mines of gold in the parts of Thrace thereabouts, and was thereby of ability amongst the principal men of the continent, hasted by all means to get Amphipolis before he should arrive, lest otherwise at his coming the commons of Amphipolis, expecting that he would levy confederates both from the sea-side and in Thrace, and relieve them, should thereupon refuse to yield. And to that end offered them a moderate composition. . . . When the commons heard this, their minds were turned; and the rather, because the Athenians amongst them were but few, and the most were a promiscuous multitude; and the kinsmen of those that were taken without flocked together within. And in respect of their fear, they all thought the proclamation reasonable; the Athenians thought it so because they were willing to go out, as apprehending their own danger to be greater than that of the rest, and withal, not expecting aid in haste; and the rest of the multitude, as being thereby both delivered of the danger, and withal to retain their city with the equal form of government. Insomuch that they which conspired with Brasidas now openly justified the offer to be reasonable; and seeing the minds of the commons were now turned and that they gave ear no more to the words of the Athenian general, they compounded, and upon the conditions proclaimed received him. Thus did these men deliver ujp the city. Thucydides with his galleys arrived in the evening of the same day at Eion.*
– from The Peloponnesian War as written by Thucydides (5th century BC) and translated by Thomas Hobbes (1628) and edited by David Grene (1959)
*This is a very impersonal statement of Thucydides' great failure as a military commander. As he records later, he was disgraced for his failure to save Amphipolis and was banished from Athens.
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