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| Félix Vallotton Misia at her dressing table 1898 tempera on cardboard Musée d'Orsay, Paris |
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| Arnold Böcklin Odysseus and Polyphemus 1896 tempera and oil on panel Museum of Fine Arts, Boston |
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| Giuseppe Cades Alexander the Great refuses water 1792 encaustic (tempera with wax) on canvas Hermitage, Saint Petersburg |
"At this point a noble deed of Alexander's, perhaps his noblest, should not, it seems to me, be forgotten, whether it was performed in that region or even earlier among the Paropamisadai (as some have reported). The army was marching across the sands in the already scorching heat, as it had to cover the distance to a source of water that lay ahead. Alexander himself, though badly afflicted with thirst, was nevertheless leading the way on foot, so that the other soldiers might bear their toils more lightly, as they generally do when hardship is shared equally. Then some of the light-armed troops who had split off from the army to search for water found a shallow gully in which there was a small, scanty spring. After taking pains to collect the water, they went in haste to Alexander as though bearing some great treasure; when they drew near him, they poured the water into a helmet and took it to the king. Alexander is said to have received it and praised the men who had brought it, but then to have taken it and poured it out in the sight of all. And the army was so encouraged by this gesture that one would have guessed that everyone had drunk the water that Alexander had poured out. For this deed, a testament to his endurance and his leadership, I especially commend Alexander."
"So the sick were left behind, along with those who were exhausted or could not bear the heat or lack of water. And there was no one to transport them or to stay and take care of them; as the march was conducted in great haste, the needs of individuals had to be neglected out of concern for the army as a whole. Some men were also overcome by sleep while on the march, since the men generally marched at night. Later, when they arose, those who were still able to do so followed in the army's tracks, and those few were saved, but most perished in the sand like men who fell overboard at sea."
– from the Campaigns of Alexander by Arrian, translated by Pamela Mensch and published in The Landmark Arrian (Pantheon Books, 2010)
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| Lucas van Valckenborch Winter landscape with snowfall near Antwerp 1575 tempera and oil on panel Städelsches Kunstinstitut, Frankfurt |
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| Lucas Cranach the Elder Venus 1532 tempera and oil on panel Städelsches Kunstinstitut, Frankfurt |
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| Bernardino Fungai The Beloved of Enalus sacrificed to Poseidon and spared ca. 1510-16 tempera and oil on panel Museum of Fine Arts, Houston |
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| Pietro Perugino St Francis of Siena ca. 1505-07 tempera on panel Lindenau Museum, Altenburg |
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| Pietro Perugino St Margaret of Antioch ca. 1505-07 tempera on panel Lindenau Museum, Altenburg |
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| Giovanni Bellini and workshop Madonna and Child with St John the Baptist ca. 1490-1500 tempera and oil on panel Indianapolis Museum of Art |
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| Antoniazzo Romano Madonna and Child with Donor 1480 tempera on panel Museum of Fine Arts, Houston |
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| Hans Memling Portrait of a Man with a Pink 1475 tempera on panel Morgan Library, New York |
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| Sandro Botticelli Judith with the head of Holofernes ca. 1464-75 tempera on panel Cincinnati Art Museum |
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| Andrea Mantegna St Mark the Evangelist ca. 1450 tempera and oil on canvas Städelsches Kunstinstitut, Frankfurt |
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| Fra Angelico and Fra Filippo Lippi Adoration of the Magi ca. 1440-60 tempera on panel National Gallery of Art, Washington DC |
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| Giotto Madonna and Child ca. 1320-30 tempera on panel National Gallery of Art, Washington DC |