Thursday, November 12, 2020

Basilica di Santa Maria della Salute, Venice (built 1631-1687)

attributed to Paolo Salviati
Santa Maria della Salute, Venice
ca. 1880-90
albumen print
DeGolyer Library, Southern Methodist University, Dallas

A. Faÿs
Grand Canal, Venice, with Santa Maria della Salute
1844
salted paper print from waxed paper negative
Cleveland Museum of Art

Photoglob Zürich
Santa Maria della Salute viewed from the Campanile di San Marco, Venice
ca. 1890-1900
photochrom print
Library of Congress, Washington DC

P.C. Skovgaard
View of the Grand Canal, Venice, with Santa Maria della Salute
1854
oil on canvas
Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenhagen

Canaletto
Grand Canal with Santa Maria della Salute, towards the Riva degli Schiavone
ca. 1729-30
oil on canvas
Royal Collection, Great Britain

"S. Maria della Salute is one of the best known buildings in the world and a paper dedicated to it may therefore meet with a certain amount of reserve.  What new observations, if any, can be made about such a structure?  The simple answer is that we are going to move into virgin territory, barred from historical analysis by the warning: "Trespassing into the area of picturesque architecture undesirable!"  I think it is due to an ingrained pattern of thought stemming from the late eighteenth century that we shrink from analyzing rationally what is generically labelled as "picturesque."  We seem to assume that the imaginative, dazzling, colourful, swaggering, and richly orchestrated – the picturesque in the widest sense – is incompatible with analytical inquiry.  But surely, every mental and creative process has its own laws which may be laid open by careful investigation, and this is precisely what I want to do."

– Rudolf Wittkower, S. Maria della Salute: Scenographic Architecture and the Venetian Baroque, published in Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians (March, 1957)

Francesco Guardi
Grand Canal with Santa Maria delle Salute
ca. 1760
oil on canvas
Art Institute of Chicago

Canaletto
Piazzetta San Marco
looking towards Santa Maria della Salute

ca. 1723-24
oil on canvas
Royal Collection, Great Britain

Photoglob Zürich
Piazzetta San Marco, Venice, with Santa Maria della Salute in the Background
ca. 1890-1900
photochrom print
Library of Congress, Washington DC

Michele Marieschi
Santa Maria della Salute, Venice
1740-41
oil on canvas
Art Institute of Chicago

Graham Sutherland
Santa Maria della Salute
1957
oil on canvas
Southampton City Art Gallery

"When deciding on a central design, [the architect, Baldassare] Longhena was, of course, guided by a variety of considerations.  He knew, for instance, that a centralized church looks larger than it is.  . . .  But, in addition, the central scheme meant to him something quite different.  It was for him the symbol of a sublime mystery.  I give you his own words: "The mystery contained in the dedication of this church to the Blessed Virgin," he writes, "made me think, with what little talent God has bestowed on me, of building the church in forma rotonda, i.e. in the shape of a crown."  I think we may presume that the crown here is not simply a generic reference to the Queen of Heaven of the Venetian litany which was recited during the processions at the times of plagues, but that Longhena thought more specifically of the crown of stars of which the twelfth chapter of Revelation speaks: "a woman clothed with the sun, and the moon under her feet, and upon her head a crown of twelve stars."  . . .  Moreover, the Apostles, who were always regarded as the Virgin's companions and since the time of St. Augustine have been symbolized in the twelve stars of her crown, appear as large figures under the dome, below the area where the octagon is transformed into the round.  The mystery – it may be concluded – finds its human-made echo in the perfect symmetry of the 'crown-shaped' building as well as in the contrast between the octagon – the realm of the Apostles – and the sphere inside, and that between the bizarre scroll-brackets – the realm of the Patriarchs – and the calm silhouette of the dome outside, the old symbol of the dome of Heaven."   

– Rudolf Wittkower, S. Maria della Salute: Scenographic Architecture and the Venetian Baroque, published in Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians (March, 1957)

John Singer Sargent
Santa Maria della Salute, Venice
ca. 1904-1908
oil on canvas
Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge

Paul Hermann
Santa Maria della Salute, Venice
1945
watercolor
private collection

Walter Sickert
Santa Maria della Salute, Venice
ca. 1901
oil on canvas
Royal Academy of Arts, London

Walter Sickert
Venice, la Salute
ca. 1901
oil on canvas
Tate Gallery

Walter Sickert
Variation on Peggy
(with Grand Canal and Santa Maria della Salute in background)
1934-35
oil on canvas
Tate Gallery