Likeness

Anonymous Dutch Artist
Portrait of artist Romeyn de Hooghe
ca. 1730-50
watercolor on paper
(after an engraved self-portrait)
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

Anonymous German Artist
Portrait of Polish statesman Jan Zamoyski
1587
hand-colored woodcut
Herzog August Bibliothek, Wolfenbüttel

Anonymous Swiss Artist
Portrait of artist Johann Caspar Schinz
ca. 1775
etching
Graphische Sammlung, Zentralbibliothek Zürich

Giovanni Jacopo Caraglio after Titian
Portrait of writer Pietro Aretino
ca. 1533-35
engraving
Graphische Sammlung Albertina, Vienna

Richard Cosway
Portrait of Augustus Cavendish Bradshaw
1790
watercolor miniature on ivory
Cincinnati Art Museum, Ohio

Paul Delaroche
Portrait of Delfina Potocka
1849
oil on canvas
National Museum, Warsaw

Gilles Demarteau after Jean-Baptiste Huet
Portrait of Madame Huet
1773
stipple-engraving
Städtisches Museum, Braunschweig

Thomas Gainsborough
Portrait of Mrs Charles Hatchett
ca. 1786
oil on canvas
Frick Collection, New York

Hans Gasser
Study for Medallion Portrait of a Woman
ca. 1850
drawing
Graphische Sammlung Albertina, Vienna

Hendrik Goltzius
Portrait of writer Diederik van Batenburg
ca. 1580
etching and engraving
Graphische Sammlung, ETH Zürich

Robert Nanteuil
Portrait of Jean-Baptiste Budes,
comte de Guébriant (with beauty patch)
ca. 1655
engraving
Hamburger Kunsthalle

Niccolò Nelli
Catherine de' Medici, Regent of France
1567
etching and engraving
Museum für Angewandte Kunst, Vienna

Balthasar Permoser
Elector Johann Georg IV of Saxony
1691-92
ivory relief
Bode Museum, Berlin

Ludwig Ferdinand Schnorr von Carolsfeld
Miniature Portrait of a Man
ca. 1825
oil on copper
Belvedere Museum, Vienna

William J. Shew
Portraits of Man and Woman
ca. 1857
daguerreotypes
Amon Carter Museum, Fort Worth, Texas

Johan Wierix
Portrait of Mary, Queen of Scots
ca. 1587
engraving
Graphische Sammlung, ETH Zürich

Thucydides, an Athenian, wrote the war of the Peloponnesians and the Athenians as they warred against each other, beginning to write as soon as the war was on foot, with expectation it should prove a great one and most worthy the relation of all that had been before it; conjecturing so much both from this, that they flourished on both sides in all manner of provision, and also because he saw the rest of Greece siding with the one or the other faction, some then presently and some intending so to do.  For this was certainly the greatest commotion that ever happened among the Grecians, reaching also to part of the barbarians and, as a man may say, to most nations.  For the actions that preceded this and those again that are yet more ancient, though the truth of them through length of time cannot by any means clearly be discovered, yet for any argument that, looking into times far past, I have yet light on to persuade me, I do not think they have been very great, either for matter of war or otherwise. 

For it is evident that that which now is called Hellas was not of old constantly inhabited; but that at first there were often removals, everyone easily leaving the place of his abode to the violence always of some greater number.  For whilst traffic was not, nor mutual intercourse, but with fear, neither by sea nor land, and every man so husbanded the ground as but barely to live upon it without any stock of riches and planted nothing (because it was uncertain when another should invade them and carry all away, especially not having the defence of walls), but made account to be masters, in any place, of such necessary sustenance as might serve them from day to day, they made little difficulty to change their habitations.  And for this cause they were of no ability at all, either for greatness of cities or other provision.    

– from The Peloponnesian War as written by Thucydides (5th century BC) and translated by Thomas Hobbes (1628) and edited by David Grene (1959)