Showing posts with label England. Show all posts
Showing posts with label England. Show all posts

Sunday, August 22, 2021

Herman van der Myn (Netherlandish Wanderer)

Herman van der Myn
Bacchante
1719
oil on panel
private collection

Herman van der Myn
Woman with a Dog
1719
oil on panel
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

Herman van der Myn
Tamar
before 1741
oil on panel
private collection

Herman van der Myn
Ammon and Tamar
ca. 1725
oil on panel
Colchester and Ipswich Museums, Essex

Herman van der Myn
Danaë
ca. 1725
oil on panel
Colchester and Ipswich Museums, Essex

Herman van der Myn
Venus and Ceres
before 1741
oil on panel
private collection

Herman van der Myn
The Hat of Freedom
before 1741
oil on panel
private collection

Herman van der Myn
Portrait of a Woman as Flora
before 1741
oil on panel
private collection

Herman van der Myn
Portrait of Barbara Janssens at the Organ
1726
oil on panel
private collection

Herman van der Myn
Portrait of Carew Hervey Mildmay
1733
oil on canvas
Government Art Collection, London

Herman van der Myn
Portrait of James Brydges,
1st Duke of Chandos

ca. 1725
oil on canvas
National Portrait Gallery, London

Herman van der Myn
Portrait of Lady Sophia Bentinck, Duchess of Kent
1731
oil on canvas
National Trust, Belton House, Lincolnshire

Herman van der Myn
Portrait of Charlotte Myddelton, Countess of Warwick
1726
oil on canvas
National Trust, Chirk Castle, Wales

Herman van der Myn
Portrait of Queen Caroline of Ansbach
with her son William, Duke of Cumberland

1730
oil on canvas
Orleans House Gallery, London

Herman van der Myn
Portrait of William IV, Prince of Orange
1737
oil on canvas
private collection

"Herman van der Mijn [or van der Myn] was a pupil of Ernst Stuven (1660-1712) and lived in Amsterdam, then in Antwerp (1712-13), and finally in Düsseldorf, where he worked for the Elector Palatine, until the Prince died in 1716.  He then returned to Antwerp, before working in Paris, where he gained the patronage of the Duke d'Orléans until invited to London in 1721.  He was favoured by the Earl of Exeter, Lord Cadogan and Sir Gregory Page, and established a prosperous practice, particularly in the execution of small portraits.  Despite gaining the patronage of Queen Caroline in 1727, his extravagant lifestyle and large family – several of whom, George, Gerard and Robert became painters in succession to their father – ultimately resulted in great debts.  This association was severed temporarily when one of his paintings was refused in 1727/8 but, happily for the artist's stricken finances, restored upon the arrival of Prince William IV of Orange Nassau.  He went with the Prince and Princess to the Netherlands, and he was working at the palace of Het Loo in 1736.  Apparently he soon fell out of favour with his patron and returned to London, where he died."

– from biographical notes published by Philip Mould Ltd, London

Friday, August 20, 2021

Steven van der Meulen (Flemish Expatriate)

Steven van der Meulen
Thomas Butler, 10th Earl of Ormonde
ca. 1560
oil on panel
National Gallery of Ireland, Dublin

Steven van der Meulen
Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester
before 1564
oil on panel
Yale Center for British Art

attributed to Steven van der Meulen
Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester
ca. 1560
oil on panel
Wallace Collection, London

Steven van der Meulen
Catherine Carey, Lady Knollys
(putative likeness)
1562
oil on panel
Yale Center for British Art

Steven van der Meulen
Catherine Carey, Lady Knollys (detail)
1562
oil on panel
Yale Center for British Art

attributed to Steven van der Meulen
John Lumley, 1st Baron Lumley
ca. 1560
oil on panel
private collection

attributed to Steven van der Meulen
William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke
ca. 1560
oil on panel
National Museum of Wales, Cardiff

Steven van der Meulen
Lady Frances Sidney, Countess of Sussex
before 1564
oil on panel
Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge

Steven van der Meulen
Henry Fitzalan, 12th Earl of Arundel
ca. 1564
oil on panel
National Portrait Gallery, London

Steven van der Meulen
Gentleman of the Tichborne Family
before 1564
oil on panel
Museums Sheffield, Yorkshire

Steven van der Meulen
Eleanor Benlowes
1564
oil on panel
St John's College, Cambridge

attributed to Steven van der Meulen
Sir John Gresham the Elder
(putative likeness)
ca. 1550
oil on panel
National Trust, Dunham Massey, Manchester

Steven van der Meulen
Erik XIV, King of Sweden
1561
oil on panel
Nationalmuseum, Stockholm

"Early in 1561 an English merchant, John Dymoch, brought with him to Sweden a "holändsk Konterfegare," Master Staffan.  Dymoch's visit was in connexion with negotiations for the marriage of Erik XIV and [Queen] Elizabeth; and in March 1561 an audience was given for the painter to proceed with a portrait of the King.  The King was much pleased with the result, and rewarded the painter with the gift of 100 daler.  The portrait was taken to England by Nils Sture (as envoy extraordinary to the English Court) and Dymoch, and was presented to Queen Elizabeth at an audience in June 1561.  The Queen is said to have been much impressed, and to have remarked that if the King was as handsome as the portrait, nobody could resist him."

– W.G. Constable, from a short article on The Famous Paynter Steven published in the Burlington Magazine (September, 1935) 

(More recent scholarship has called into some doubt Steven van der Meulen's authorship of the group of portraits, mainly English, traditionally assigned to him, and has attempted to propose alternative painters as the actual "Master Staffan")   

Steven van der Meulen
Queen Elizabeth I
ca. 1563
oil on panel
Tate Britain

Steven van der Meulen
Queen Elizabeth I (detail)
ca. 1563
oil on panel
Tate Britain
 

Thursday, February 11, 2021

Early Renaissance Panel Paintings from Northern Europe

Anonymous Artist (French or English)
The Wilton Diptych
Virgin and Child with Angelic Retinue
ca. 1395-99
tempera on panel (right-hand panel)
National Gallery, London

Anonymous Artist (French or English)
The Wilton Diptych
Angelic Retinue
ca. 1395-99
tempera on panel (right-hand panel)
National Gallery, London

Anonymous Artist (French or English)
The Wilton Diptych
Angelic Retinue
ca. 1395-99
tempera on panel (right-hand panel)
National Gallery, London

Anonymous Artist (French or English)
The Wilton Diptych
King Richard II kneeling before the Virgin
ca. 1395-99
tempera on panel (left-hand panel)
National Gallery, London

Anonymous Artist (French or English)
The Wilton Diptych
King Richard II sponsored by St John the Baptist
ca. 1395-99
tempera on panel (left-hand panel)
National Gallery, London

"The Wilton Diptych in the National Gallery takes its name from Wilton House, near Salisbury, Wiltshire, where it was housed between 1705 and 1929.  The name of the artist and the place where it was made are unknown . . . but it is probable that the diptych was made on behalf of Richard II himself and that it was painted in England or northern France around the time of Richard's second marriage in 1396.  Surviving panel paintings from northern Europe dating from the late fourteenth century are very rare.  The diptych consists of two panels of Baltic oak.  It is painted on a prepared gold ground in egg tempera enhanced by translucent glazes, now partially lost."

– from notes at the Institute of Historical Research, University of London      

Petrus Christus
The Lamentation
ca. 1455-60
oil on panel
Musées Royaux des Beaux-Arts, Brussels

Petrus Christus
The Lamentation (detail)
ca. 1455-60
oil on panel
Musées Royaux des Beaux-Arts, Brussels

Petrus Christus
The Lamentation (detail)
ca. 1455-60
oil on panel
Musées Royaux des Beaux-Arts, Brussels

Petrus Christus
The Lamentation (detail)
ca. 1455-60
oil on panel
Musées Royaux des Beaux-Arts, Brussels

"On July 6, 1444, Petrus Christus went to the burghers' lodge in Bruges to fulfill the formalities needed to acquire citizenship in this Flemish center of international commerce.  A clerk noted in the registers that "Pieter Christus, son of Pieter, born in Baerle, purchased his citizenship . . . in order to become a painter."  The protectionist regulations of the local painters' guild were very strict: in order to be allowed to practice his profession in Bruges, Christus had to become a member of this organization, for which citizenship was required.  It is not known how old Christus was when he settled in Bruges; nor is it known where he was trained or whether he spent all of his formative years in his hometown in the duchy of Brabant.  Within a short time, Christus secured several important commissions and rose to prominence as Bruges' leading painter of the mid-fifteenth century, after the death of Jan van Eyck in 1441, and before Hans Memling arrived, around 1465.  . . .  Bruges was a favorite residence of the Burgundian dukes, who often made triumphal entrances into the city, accompanied by distinguished guests.  Along with the regular presence of the ducal court, wealthy local businessmen and foreign merchants and bankers comprised a potential clientele that drew artists such as Christus to the city.  Mediterranean nations played an especially prominent role in Bruges' commerce; significantly, nearly half of Christus's small oeuvre was commissioned by Italians, has an Italian or Spanish provenance, or was early on known to southern artists such as Antonello da Messina."

– from biographical notes at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

Jean Fouquet
The Melun Diptych
Virgin and Child enthroned with Cherubim and Seraphim
ca. 1452-58
oil on panel (right-hand panel)
Royal Museum of Fine Arts, Antwerp

Jean Fouquet
The Melun Diptych
Virgin and Child enthroned with Cherubim and Seraphim (detail)
ca. 1452-58
oil on panel (right-hand panel)
Royal Museum of Fine Arts, Antwerp

Jean Fouquet
The Melun Diptych
Étienne Chevalier commended to the Virgin by St Stephen
ca. 1452-58
oil on panel (left-hand panel)
Gemäldegalerie, Berlin

Jean Fouquet
The Melun Diptych
Portrait of Étienne Chevalier
ca. 1452-58
oil on panel (left-hand panel)
Gemäldegalerie, Berlin

Jean Fouquet
The Melun Diptych
St Stephen (with head-wound from his martyrdom)
ca. 1452-58
oil on panel (left-hand panel)
Gemäldegalerie, Berlin

Jean Fouquet
The Melun Diptych
Emblem of St Stephen's Martyrdom by Stoning
ca. 1452-58
oil on panel (left-hand panel)
Gemäldegalerie, Berlin

"Jean Fouquet's diptych from the Collegiate Church of Notre-Dame in Melun is one of the masterworks of French painting and of fifteenth-century art in general.  The former left panel, featuring a portrait of the donor Étienne Chevalier and a representation of Saint Stephen, came into the Gemäldegalerie's collection in 1896.  The right panel, depicting the Madonna, has belonged to the Royal Museum of Fine Arts, Antwerp since the early nineteenth century."

– from curator's notes at the Gemäldegalerie, Berlin

"On a visit to Rome around 1445, Jean Fouquet caused a great sensation when he painted a portrait of Pope Eugenius IV on canvas rather than the more common wood support.  The momentous result of this sojourn, where he admired the work of the most innovative Italian artists of the 1400s, was that Fouquet introduced concepts and techniques of Italian Renaissance art into French painting.  His subsequent work in panel painting, illuminated manuscripts, and portraiture earned him a reputation as the most important French painter of the 1400s.  Born in Tours, then the seat of the French monarchy, Fouquet worked for King Charles VII and his court.  At the time of Charles's death, the court commissioned him to make a colored death mask for the king's public funeral, an indication of Fouquet's prominence.  Under Charles's successor, King Louis XI, Fouquet was appointed peintre du roy.  In this exalted position, he supervised a large workshop that produced paintings and manuscripts."

– from curator's notes at the Getty Museum

Thursday, March 12, 2020

Invoking Bronzino (Pink Dawn of an Apotheosis)

Agnolo Bronzino
Portrait of Lucrezia Panciatichi
ca. 1540
oil on panel
Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence

A prime reason, we must add, why sundry impressions were not to be fully present to the girl till later on was that they yielded at this stage, with an effect of sharp supersession, to a detached quarter of an hour – her only one – with Lord Mark.  "Have you seen the picture in the house, the beautiful one that's so like you?" – he was asking that as he stood before her; having come up at last with his smooth intimation that any wire he had pulled and yet wanted not to remind her of wasn't quite a reason for his having no joy at all.

"I've been through rooms and I've seen pictures.  But if I'm 'like' anything so beautiful as most of them seemed to me – !"  It needed in short for Milly some evidence which he only wanted to supply.  She was the image of the wonderful Bronzino, which she must have a look at on every ground.  He had thus called her off and led her away; the more easily that the house within was above all what had already drawn round her its mystic circle. 

                                      *                             *                            *

It was all the while for Milly as if Lord Mark had really had something other than this spoken pretext in view; as if there were something he wanted to say to her and were only – consciously yet not awkwardly, just delicately – hanging fire.  At the same time it was as if the thing had practically been said by the moment they came in sight of the picture; since what it appeared to amount to was "Do let a fellow who isn't a fool take care of you a little."  The thing somehow, with the aid of the Bronzino, was done; it hadn't seemed to matter to her before if he were a fool or no; but now, just where they were, she liked his not being; and it was moreover none the worse for coming back to something of the same sound as Mrs. Lowder's so recent reminder.  She too wished to take care of her – and wasn't it, à peu près, what all the people with the kind eyes were wishing? Once more things melted together – the beauty and the history and the facility and the splendid midsummer glow: it was a sort of magnificent maximum, the pink dawn of an apotheosis coming so curiously soon.  What in fact befell was that, as she afterwards made out, it was Lord Mark who said nothing in particular – it was she herself who said all.  She couldn't help that – it came; and the reason it came was that she found herself, for the first moment, looking at the mysterious portrait through tears.  Perhaps it was her tears that made it just then so strange and fair – as wonderful as he had said: the face of a young woman, all splendidly drawn, down to the hands, and splendidly dressed; a face almost livid in hue, yet handsome in sadness and crowned with a mass of hair, rolled back and high, that must, before fading with time, have had a family resemblance to her own.  The lady in question, at all events, with her slightly Michael-angelesque squareness, her eyes of other days, her full lips, her long neck, her recorded jewels, her brocaded and wasted reds, was a very great personage – only unaccompanied by a joy.  And she was dead, dead, dead.  Milly recognised her exactly in words that had nothing to do with her.  "I shall never be better than this."

He smiled for her at the portrait.  "Than she?  You'd scarce need to be better, for surely that's well enough.  But you are, one feels, as it happens, better; because, splendid as she is, one doubts if she was good."

He hadn't understood.  She was before the picture, but she had turned to him, and she didn't care if he noticed her tears.  It was probably as good a moment as she should ever have with him.  It was perhaps as good a moment as she should have with any one, or have in any connexion whatever.  "I mean that everything this afternoon has been too beautiful, and that perhaps everything together will never be so right again.  I'm very glad therefore you've been a part of it."

Though he still didn't understand her he was as nice as if he had; he didn't ask for insistence, and that was just a part of his looking after her.  He simply protected her now from herself, and there was a world of practice in it.  "Oh we must talk about these things!"

Ah they had already done that, she knew, as much as she ever would; and she was shaking her head at her pale sister the next moment with a world, on her side, of slowness.  "I wish I could see the resemblance.  Of course her complexion's green," she laughed, "but mine's several shades greener."

"It's down to the very hands," said Lord Mark.

"Her hands are large," Milly went on, "but mine are larger.  Mine are huge."

"Oh you go her, all round, 'one better' – which is just what I said.  But you're a pair.  You must surely catch it," he added as if it were important to his character as a serious man not to appear to have invented his plea.

"I don't know – one never knows one's self.  It's a funny fancy, and I don't imagine it would have occurred –"

"I see it has occurred" – he had already taken her up.  She had her back, as she faced the picture, to one of the doors of the room, which was open, and on her turning as he spoke she saw that they were in the presence of three other persons, also, as appeared, interested enquirers.  Kate Croy was one of these; Lord Mark had just become aware of her, and she, all arrested, had immediately seen, and made the best of it, that she was far from being first in the field.  She had brought a lady and a gentleman to whom she wished to show what Lord Mark was showing Milly, and he took her straightway as a re-enforcement.  Kate herself had spoken, however, before he had time to tell her so.

"You had noticed too?" – she smiled at him without looking at Milly.  "Then I'm not original – which one always hopes one has been.  But the likeness is so great."  And now she looked at Milly – for whom again it was, all round indeed, kind, kind eyes.  "Yes, there you are, my dear, if you want to know.  And you're superb."  She took now but a glance at the picture, though it was enough to make her question to her friends not too straight.  "Isn't she superb?"

"I brought Miss Theale," Lord Mark explained to the latter, "quite off my own bat."

"I wanted Lady Aldershaw," Kate continued to Milly, "to see for herself."

"Les grands esprits se rencontrent!" laughed her attendant gentleman, a high but slightly stooping, shambling and wavering person who represented urbanity by the liberal aid of certain prominent front teeth and whom Milly vaguely took for some sort of great man.

Lady Aldershaw meanwhile looked at Milly quite as if Milly had been the Bronzino and the Bronzino only Milly.  "Superb, superb.  Of course I had noticed you.  It is wonderful," she went on with her back to the picture, but with some other eagerness which Milly felt gathering, felt directing her motions now.  It was enough – they were introduced, and she was saying "I wonder if you could give us the pleasure of coming –"

– Henry James, The Wings of the Dove (New York Edition, 1909)

Monday, December 9, 2019

Drawings by Alphonse Legros (1837-1911)

Alphonse Legros
Self Portrait
ca. 1870
drawing
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

Alphonse Legros
Head of a Man facing left
before 1911
drawing
National Gallery of Art, Washington DC

Alphonse Legros
Head of a Man looking up
ca. 1890
drawing
National Gallery of Art, Washington DC

Alphonse Legros
Half Length Study of a Model
before 1911
drawing
National Gallery of Art, Washington DC

Alphonse Legros
Seated Model
before 1911
drawing
National Gallery of Art, Washington DC

"His arrival [that of Alphonse Legros] at the Slade [School of Art in London] was stage-managed by [Prof. E.J.] Poynter, a friend since their student days in Paris, who had in 1875 secured for him an etching class at the National Art-Training Schools in South Kensington. The following year he persuaded the Slade Committee to permit Legros to take over temporarily some of his duties as Slade Professor, and when he resigned his position later that year Legros was allowed to succeed him, despite opposition from some quarters on the grounds that he was a foreigner and that his command of English was far from good. He was to become a British citizen in 1881, but his English did not improve, and most of his teaching was of necessity in the form of demonstration rather than verbal instruction. His skilful painting of a head once a term before the entire school became 'a momentous event' in the curriculum. This method of instruction did not suit all students, and his shrewd estimate of his pupils' abilities combined with his unwillingness to 'compromise with the singleness of purpose that should guide an artist in his career' led him to neglect his less gifted or committed students. One of these wrote ruefully, 'Legros was not a stimulating teacher for the ordinary, undistinguished student.' His exacting standards, his blunt manner and his habit of seizing his chalk and drawing his corrections all over the students' carefully prepared work was guaranteed to offend many susceptibilities. But others, such as Charles Holroyd and William Strang, who both became his assistants for a time, responded well to his tuition, and with many his personality commanded great respect, as did his ability to stimulate their artistic appreciation and to impress on them the seriousness of their calling."

"In 1892 Legros resigned from the Slade . . . his last years at the School were marked by an increasing disillusionment with teaching in general. His visits to his students became less frequent. Archibald Hatrick, who arrived at the School in 1888, recalled 'his somewhat rare rounds of the classes,' and Alfred Thornton, also at the School towards the end of the decade, remembered that Legros was by now 'a little weary of teaching.' His eventual departure was precipitated by a number of complaints, including that of an angry father who claimed that his daughter 'appears to me to get hardly any teaching at all.'"

– from an article by Philip Atwood in the British Numismatics Journal (1986)

Alphonse Legros
Study of the Belvedere Torso
before 1892
drawing
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

Alphonse Legros
Study of the Belvedere Torso
before 1892
drawing
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

Alphonse Legros
Study from the Antique
before 1911
drawing
National Gallery of Art, Washington DC

Alphonse Legros
Study of the Head of a Horse from the Parthenon
(Elgin Marbles, British Museum)
1898
drawing
National Gallery of Art, Washington DC

Alphonse Legros
Head of a Man
before 1911
drawing
National Gallery of Art, Washington DC

Alphonse Legros
Study of a Model
before 1892
drawing
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

Alphonse Legros
Study of a Model
before 1892
drawing
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

Alphonse Legros
Study of a Model
before 1892
drawing
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

David Wilkie Wynfield
Portrait of Alphonse Legros
ca. 1865-70
albumen print
Royal Academy of Arts, London