Showing posts with label Enlightenment. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Enlightenment. Show all posts

Tuesday, November 6, 2018

Painted Portraits - Later Eighteenth Century

Francisco Goya
Portrait of a man in a brown coat
ca. 1790
oil on canvas
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

Thomas Lawrence
Portrait of William Lock of Norbury
1790
oil on canvas
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

Joshua Reynolds
Portrait of a Lady, possibly Mrs Pigott of Chetwynd
before 1792
oil on canvas
Nationalmuseum, Stockholm

Joshua Reynolds
Mrs Richard Hoare holding her child
ca. 1763
oil on canvas (unfinished)
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

Thomas Gainsborough
Portrait of Maria, Lady Eardley
before 1788
oil on canvas
Nationalmuseum, Stockholm

Thomas Gainsborough
Portrait of John Eld of Seighford Hall, Stafford
ca. 1775
oil on canvas
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

Landscapeople

Long desired, the journey is begun.  The suppliants
Climb aboard the damaged carrousel:
Some have been hacked to death, one has learned
Some new thing, and all are touched
With the same blight, like a snowfall
Of moments as they are read back to the monitor
Which only projects.

                                  Some can decipher it,
The outlines of an eddy that traced itself
Before moving on, yet its place had to be,
Such was the appetite of those times.  A ring
Of places existed around the central one,
And of course these died away eventually.
Everything has turned out for the best,
The "eggs of the sun" have been returned anonymously,
And the new ways are as simple as the old ones,
Only more firmly anchored to the spectacle
Of the madness of the seasons as it unfolds
With iron-clad rigidity, filling the sky with light.
We began in an anonymous sensuality
And lived most of it out before the difference
Of time got in the way, filling up the margins of the days
With pictures of fruit, light, colors, music, and vines,
Until it ceases to be a problem.

– John Ashbery, from As We Know (Viking Press, 1979)

Thomas Gainsborough
Portrait of Mrs Thomas Mathews
ca. 1772
oil on canvas
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

Thomas Gainsborough
Portrait of Mrs Edmund Morton Pleydell
ca. 1765
oil on canvas
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

Adolf Ulric Wertmüller
Portrait of the sculptor Jean-Jacques Caffieri
1784
oil on canvas (Salon reception piece)
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

Choice of Prides

To tell the truth, it would have its points
(Since fall we must) to do it proud:
To ride for your fall on a good mount
Hung with honors and looped garlands,
Moved by the crowd's flattering sounds,
Or to advance with brash din, banners,
Flights of arrows leaping like hounds.

But from a choice of prides I would pick
(Or so I hope) the bare cheek
To amble out, innocent of arms
And alone, under the cocked guns
Or what missiles might be in season,
And this in the pure brass of the act
Attired, and in no other armor.

Considering that, of every species
(I should reason) mine is most naked,
For all its draperies enacting
As a pink beast its honest nature,
I will take in this raw condition
What pride I can, not have my boast
In glad rags, my bravery plated.

And I should think myself twice lucky
(Stuck with my choice) if I could be sure
That I had been egged on by nothing
But neat pride, and not (as is common)
Brought to it by the veiled promptings
Of vanity, or by poverty
Or the fecklessness of despair.

– W.S. Merwin, from The Drunk in the Furnace (Macmillan, 1960)

George Romney
Mrs Billington as Saint Cecilia
1787-88
oil on canvas
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

George Romney
Portrait of Miss Matilda Lockwood
ca. 1784-86
oil on canvas
Walters Art Museum, Baltimore

George Romney
Portrait of Two Girls (Misses Cumberland)
ca. 1772-73
oil on canvas
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

John Singleton Copley
Portrait of Mrs Richard Skinner (Dorothy Wendell)
1772
oil on canvas
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

John Singleton Copley
Portrait of Mrs Timothy Rogers (Lucy Boylston)
1766-67
oil on canvas
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

John Singleton Copley
Portrait of Nathaniel Sparhawk
1764
oil on canvas
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

Friday, November 2, 2018

Rococo Religiosity as Manifested by Italian Painters

Antonio Bellucci
St Sebastian
ca. 1716-18
oil on canvas
Dulwich Picture Gallery, London

Giuseppe Bartolomeo Chiari
Susanna and the Elders
before 1727
oil on canvas
Walters Art Museum, Baltimore

Giuseppe Bottani
Departure of Saints Paula and Eustochium for the Holy Land
ca. 1745
oil on canvas
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

"Another stubborn commonplace in the literature is that Rococo is anti-religious.  Most would consider "Spiritual Rococo" to be a contradiction in terms, yet while Rococo was the style of the laity, as Fumaroli reminds us, it was not the style of atheism.  We must grasp this essential difference if we are to understand why Rococo became a major global religious style.  . . .  Throughout Catholic Europe religion remained central to intellectual life: as Tim Blanning notes, "the eighteenth century has as good a claim to be dubbed 'the age of religion' as 'the age of reason.'  The eighteenth century did not witness a mass exodus from churches until (in France only) the 1789 Revolution.  In fact religion – notably popular devotions – underwent a renaissance throughout Catholic Europe, with the rise of the cults of the Sacred Heart and Immaculate Heart of Mary, a proliferation of new pilgrimages, a renewed enthusiasm for exterior manifestations of faith such as Corpus Christi processions and festivals mounted by confraternities, and a belief in an increasing number of present-day miracles."

"The Spiritual Rococo was not a reactionary movement but a subtle rebellion, all the more successful because it was dressed in the language of the leisured classes and "came playfully on little velvet paws," as Sedlmayr and Bauer famously remarked about the Rococo itself.  It embraced the anti-establishment stance of the Lumières – particularly through its challenge to the severity of the Church – yet it opposed the philosophers' stoicism with what Philippe Malgouyres calls "consolations," an epicurean emphasis on tenderness, comfort, sentiment, and the quotidian, which is "the point of the spear of a Christian apologetic against the philosophers."  Through its championing of society the Spiritual Rococo also became increasingly a theology of the laity: idiosyncratic, non-institutional, and worldly.  In what is perhaps the most classic text on eighteenth-century art, Levey's Rococo to Revolution (1966), Rococo is swept aside to make way for the individualism and natural speculation that would inspire revolution." 

– from The Spiritual Rococo by Gauvin Alexander Bailey (Routledge, 2017)

Sebastiano Ricci
Fall of Rebel Angels
ca. 1720
oil on canvas
Dulwich Picture Gallery, London

Giambattista Pittoni
Sacrifice of Isaac
ca. 1715-20
oil on canvas
Chiesa di San Francesco della Vigna, Venice

Gian Paolo Panini
Classical Ruins with Woman Preaching
ca. 1735
oil on canvas
Museo del Prado, Madrid

Gian Paolo Panini
Classical Ruins with St Paul Preaching
ca. 1735
oil on canvas
Museo del Prado, Madrid

Francesco Solimena
St John the Baptist
1730
oil on canvas
Museo del Prado, Madrid

Francesco Trevisani
Dead Christ supported by Angels
ca. 1710
oil on canvas
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

Pompeo Batoni
Crucifixion
1762
oil on canvas
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

Giambattista Tiepolo
Stigmatization of St Francis
ca. 1767-69
oil on canvas
Museo del Prado, Madrid

Alessandro Magnasco and Antonio Peruzzini
Christ and Angels
ca. 1705
oil on canvas
Museo del Prado, Madrid

follower of Alessandro Magnasco
Nuns at Work
before 1750
oil on canvas
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

Pietro Longhi
The Confession
ca. 1755
oil on canvas
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

Saturday, June 30, 2018

Miniature Portraits on Ivory (Enlightenment and After)

Niclas Lafrensen
Miniature portrait of Carl Erik Wadenstierna
before 1787
watercolor on ivory
Nationalmuseum, Stockholm

attributed to Lié Louis Périn-Salbreux
Miniature portrait of artist Alexander Roslin
ca. 1780
watercolor on ivory
Nationalmuseum, Stockholm

Samuel Shelley
Miniature portrait of unknown child
1782
watercolor on ivory
Nationalmuseum, Stockholm

William Grimaldi
Miniature portrait of Sir Harbord Harbord, 
1st Baron Suffield
ca. 1780-90
watercolor on ivory
Nationalmuseum, Stockholm

Enlightenment

I wish we could take a statistic with more grace, beloved
I wish it would circle out in our minds to the very brim,
And we could be illumined by data one by one, as by candles,
As by the cheerful faces of cherubim.

But see, we respond only to archangelic doctrine,
Look up and glow at the actual pronouncement of grace,
Swallow at once all the high powered radiance,
And let the commandments shine upon the face.

This is a tremendous lot of revelation we gather,
Beloved, and beam at it in the proper spirit,
Nevertheless, I wish we had one or two facts to go by,
And a less arc-lighted kingdom to inherit.

– Josephine Miles (1939)

Jacques-Antoine-Marie Lemoine
Miniature portrait of the artist's wife, 
Agathe-Françoise Bonvallet
1793
watercolor on ivory
Nationalmuseum, Stockholm


Jacob Axel Gillberg
Miniature portrait of unknown man
ca. 1795
watercolor on ivory
Nationalmuseum, Stockholm

Charles-Joseph de La Celle
Miniature portrait of Sophie Piper
1799
gouache on ivory
Nationalmuseum, Stockholm

Pierre-Louis Bouvier
Miniature Self-portrait
1791
watercolor on ivory
Nationalmuseum, Stockholm

from The French Revolution as it appeared to Enthusiasts at its Commencement

Oh! pleasant exercise of hope and joy!
For mighty were the auxiliars which then stood
Upon our side, we who were strong in love!
Bliss was it in that dawn to be alive,
But to be young was very heaven! – Oh! times,
In which the meagre, stale, forbidding ways
Of custom, law, and statute, took at once
The attraction of a country in romance!
When Reason seemed the most to assert her rights,
When most intent on making of herself
A prime Enchantress – to assist the work
Which then was going forward in her name!

– William Wordsworth, published in The Prelude (1809)

Andreas Thornborg
Miniature of Juliane Marie of Braunschweiz-Wolfenbüttel
Queen of Denmark and Norway
ca. 1780
watercolor on ivory
Nationalmuseum, Stockholm

Anonymous artist
Miniature portrait of artist Jean-Baptiste Greuze
ca. 1785
watercolor on ivory
Nationalmuseum, Stockholm

François Dumont
Cabinet miniature of chemist Antoine François,
Comte de Fourcroy
before 1809
watercolor on ivory
Nationalmuseum, Stockholm

Nicolas-Jean Otthenin
Miniature portrait of Marie-Victoire Jaquotot
before 1817
watercolor on ivory
Nationalmuseum, Stockholm

Giovanni Domenico Bossi
Miniature portrait of unknown man
1799
watercolor on ivory
Nationalmuseum, Stockholm

Richard Cosway
Eye Miniature
1787
watercolor on ivory
Nationalmuseum, Stockholm

Friday, June 29, 2018

Portraits by Women Painters (Nationalmuseum, Stockholm)

Jeanne-Marie de Surigny
Miniature portrait of Marie-Suzanne Doucet de Surigny
ca. 1790
watercolor on ivory
Nationalmuseum, Stockholm

Jeanne-Marie de Surigny
Miniature of Étienne-Cyprien Renouard de Bussièrre de Roche
ca. 1790
watercolor on ivory
Nationalmuseum, Stockholm

Rosalba Carriera
Miniature portrait of unknown man
before 1757
watercolor on ivory
Nationalmuseum, Stockholm

Adélaïde Labille-Guiard
Miniature portrait of Madame Lefranc
painting the portrait of her husband Charles Lefranc
1779
watercolor on ivory
Nationalmuseum, Stockholm

"Between 1780 and 1810 many French women painters reached impressive heights of artistic achievement and professional success.  Despite a cap on the number of women admitted to France's prestigious Académie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture, and restrictions that barred women from the life-drawing classes attended by young men aspiring to paint historical narratives, women ranked among the most sought-after artists in Paris in the 1780s.  Three of the Académie's four female members – Adélaïde Labille-Guiard (1749-1803), Anne Vallayer-Coster (1744-1818), and Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun (1755-1842) – regularly exhibited at the biennial Salons."

"Royal women were the most important patrons for many women artists.  Vallayer-Coster, who joined the Académie in 1770, painted portraits and scenes from everyday life, but was chiefly admired for her still lifes of flowers, seashells, and fruit.  However, it was her figural painting that won her the patronage of Queen Marie Antoinette and Mesdames Adélaïde and Victoire, the powerful daughters of King Louis XV.  These same patrons supported Labille-Guiard and Vigée-Lebrun, who were both admitted on May 31, 1783.  Marie Antoinette played an important role in the admission of  Vigée-Lebrun, one of her favorite portraitists, and in 1787 Labille-Guiard was named First Painter to Mesdames." 

– from an essay by Laura Auricchio on the Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History from the Metropolitan Museum, New York 

Anne Vallayer-Coster
Portrait of a violinist
1773
oil on canvas
Nationalmuseum, Stockholm

Ulrica Pasch
Portrait of Adolf Ludvig Stierneld
1780
oil on canvas
Nationalmuseum, Stockholm
 
Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun
Portrait of unknown young woman as the goddess Flora
1811
oil on canvas
Nationalmuseum, Stockholm

Marie-Gabrielle Capet
Miniature portrait of Stéphanie-Félicité Ducrest de St Aubin
before 1818
watercolor on ivory
Nationalmuseum, Stockholm

Fanny Charrin
Miniature portrait of unknown woman
ca. 1820-30
watercolor on ivory
Nationalmuseum, Stockholm

Sophie-Clémence Delacazette
Miniature portrait of unknown woman
ca. 1830
watercolor on ivory
Nationalmuseum, Stockholm

Christina Robertson
Miniature portrait of actress Helen Fraser
before 1854
watercolor on ivory
Nationalmuseum, Stockholm

Pauline Augustin
Miniature portrait of unknown man
before 1865
watercolor on ivory
Nationalmuseum, Stockholm

Amalia Lindegren
Portrait of unknown woman
1859
oil on canvas
Nationalmuseum, Stockholm

Hildegard Thorell
Portrait of Hildegard and Alfhild Tamm
1882
oil on canvas
Nationalmuseum, Stockholm