Monday, October 14, 2019

Jusepe de Ribera (1591-1652) in Spanish-Ruled Naples

Jusepe de Ribera
Man with Turtles
ca. 1615-16
oil on canvas
Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna

Jusepe de Ribera
Hecate - Procession to a Witches' Sabbath
ca. 1620
oil on copper
Wellington Collection, Apsley House, London

Jusepe de Ribera
The Lamentation
ca. 1620-25
oil on canvas
National Gallery, London

Jusepe de Ribera
Drunken Silenus
1626
oil on canvas
Museo di Capodimonte, Naples

"When Caravaggio came to work in Naples in 1606-1607, the Mannerists were in full command of the situation, and he never swayed artists like Fabrizio Santafede, Gian Bernardino Assolino, Gerolamo Imparato, and Belisario Corenzio from their course; they continued their outmoded conventions, largely indebted to the Cavaliere d'Arpino, through the first half of the seventeenth century.  The only exception to the rule was Giovanni Battista Caracciolo, called Battistello, the solitary founder of the 'modern' Neapolitan school who, in opposition to the Mannerists, developed his new manner based on the deeply felt experience of Caravaggio.  . . .  He had a younger rival in the Spaniard Jusepe de Ribera who, after journeys through Italy, settled in Naples in 1616 and soon painted Caravaggesque pictures utterly different from those of Caracciolo.  While the latter hardened and stiffened the more flexible style of the master in an attempt at rendering internalized drama, the former loosened and externalized what he had learned from Caravaggio by an aggressive and vulgar realism and a painterly chiaroscuro with flickering light effects.  Ribera found a powerful patron in the Duke of Osuna, the Viceroy of Naples, who appointed him court painter, and later viceroys and Neapolitan nobles were equally attracted by his art.  It is an interesting phenomenon that Ribera's passionate and violent pictures satisfied the taste of the Neapolitan court society.  What attracted them was probably the essentially Spanish sensual surface quality of Ribera's realism – his permanent contribution to European Seicento painting."

– Rudolf Wittkower, Art and Architecture in Italy 1600-1750, originally published in 1958, revised by Joseph Connors and Jennifer Montagu and reissued by Yale University Press in 1999

Jusepe de Ribera
Christ among the Doctors
ca. 1630
oil on canvas
Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna

Jusepe de Ribera
Penitent St Peter
ca. 1628-32
oil on canvas
Art Institute of Chicago

Jusepe de Ribera
Martyrdom of St Bartholomew
ca. 1626-32
oil on canvas
Musée de Grenoble

Jusepe de Ribera
St Bartholomew
1651
oil on canvas
Yale University Art Gallery

Jusepe de Ribera
St Bartholomew
ca. 1633-35
oil on canvas
Alte Pinakothek, Munich

Jusepe de Ribera
Heraclitus
1634
oil on canvas
private collection

Jusepe de Ribera
Portrait of a Musician
1638
oil on canvas
Toledo Museum of Art (Ohio)

Jusepe de Ribera
Jacob with the Flock of Laban
ca. 1638
oil on canvas (trimmed on left side)
National Gallery, London

Jusepe de Ribera
Penitent St Peter
before 1652
oil on canvas
Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna

Jusepe de Ribera
St Jerome
ca. 1640
oil on canvas
Harvard Art Museums

Jusepe de Ribera
The Hermit
before 1652
oil on canvas
Aberdeen Art Gallery