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| Thomas Eakins Study for Swimming with Art Students as Models 1884 albumen print Getty Museum, Los Angeles |
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| Thomas Eakins Swimming 1885 oil on canvas Amon Carter Museum, Fort Worth, Texas |
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| Helmuth Macke Three Bathers 1914 oil on cardboard Museum Penzberg, Germany |
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| Mette Tronvoll Untitled 1999 C-print KORO (Public Art Norway), Oslo |
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| Johann Nepomuk Schödlberger Landscape with Bathing Nymphs ca. 1810-20 drawing Graphische Sammlung Albertina, Vienna |
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| Abraham Rutgers Landscape with Two Fishermen beside a Road ca. 1682 drawing Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam |
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| Rudolf Hirth du Frênes On the Beach ca. 1880 oil on paper Staatliche Kunsthalle, Karlsruhe |
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| Eugène Boudin Beach Scene 1893 oil on panel Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lyon |
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| Louis-Alexandre Dubourg Strollers on the Jetty at Honfleur ca. 1880 oil on canvas Musée d'Art Moderne André Malraux, Le Havre |
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| Tristram Hillier Quantoxhead 1946 oil on panel Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art, Edinburgh |
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| Claude Monet Rough Water, Étretat 1883 oil on canvas Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lyon |
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| Max Kurzweil Seascape in Moonlight ca. 1900 oil on canvas Belvedere Museum, Vienna |
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| Anton Kolig Narcissus 1920 oil on canvas Belvedere Museum, Vienna |
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| Ludwig von Hofmann Beach at Nieustede 1910 pastel on paper Kupferstichkabinett, Staatliche Kunstsammlungen, Dresden |
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| Anonymous German Artist Mermaid 16th century woodcut Museum für Angewandte Kunst, Vienna |
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| Clara E. Sipprell Women in Rowboats 1905 cyanotype Amon Carter Museum, Fort Worth, Texas |
As for cities, such as are of late foundation and since the increase of navigation, inasmuch as thy have had since more plenty of riches, have been walled about and built upon the shore, and have taken up isthmi both for merchandise and for the better strength against confiners. But the old cities, men having been in those times for the most part infested by thieves, are built father up, as well in the islands as in the continent. For others also that dwelt on the seaside, though not seamen, yet they molested one another with robberies. And even to these times those people are planted up high in the country.
But these robberies were the exercise especially of the islanders, the Carians and the Phoenicians. For by them were the greatest part of the islands inhabited, a testimony whereof is this. The Athenians when in this present war they hallowed the isle of Delos and had digged up the sepulchres of the dead found that more than half of them were Carians, known so to be both by the armour buried with them and also by their manner of burial at this day. And when Minos his navy was once afloat, navigators had the sea more free. For he expelled the malefactors out of the islands and in the most of them planted colonies of his own. By which means they who inhabited the sea-coasts, becoming more addicted to riches, grew more constant to their dwellings, of whom some, grown now rich, compassed their towns about with walls. For out of desire of gain, the meaner sort underwent servitude with the mighty; and the mighty with their wealth brought the lesser cities into subjection. And so it came to pass that rising to power, they proceeded afterward to the war against Troy.
– from The Peloponnesian War as written by Thucydides (5th century BC) and translated by Thomas Hobbes (1628) and edited by David Grene (1959)