Thursday, May 18, 2023

Models and Artists (Academies and Studios) - XIV

L.S. Lowry
Seated Model
ca. 1914
drawing
City of Salford Art Gallery, Greater Manchester

L.S. Lowry
Study of a Cast of an Antique Head
ca. 1908
drawing
City of Salford Art Gallery, Greater Manchester

"Lowry's fame rests on his seemingly naive depictions of industrial townscapes, based on his home town of Salford.  Yet he was in no sense a primitive artist.  Before developing his distinctive manner Lowry had studied as an evening student at Manchester School of Art from 1902 to 1922, and attended part-time drawing classes at Salford School of Art from 1915 to 1928, where he had developed a competent if not particularly inspired way of studying the human form, working from both the Antique and the living model (naked and draped)."

"Lowry's development of his individual style in the 1920s can be related to a growing vogue for the primitive at the time.  He was encouraged by one of his teachers, Bernard D. Taylor, to give his pictures white backgrounds, which eliminated shadows and emphasized flatness.  Lowry himself felt very deeply that his breakthrough was the result of his meticulous training in the life class, rather than a rejection of it. 'I am tired of people saying that I am self-taught.  I am sick of it.  I went one day to Art School and I said 'please I want to join,' and I took Preparatory Antique, light and shade, and then, after a time, the Antique class, and when they thought I was sufficiently advanced in Antique I went into the Life Class.  I did the life drawing for twelve solid years as well as I could and that, I think, is the foundation of painting." 

Ivor Williams
Plaster Cast of a Classical Female Head
ca. 1930-50
oil on canvas
Aberystwyth University School of Art
Museum and Galleries, Wales

Esme Millais
Head of a Youth (after a Cast)
1929
oil on canvas
University College London Art Museum

Henri Gaudier-Brzeska
Seated Model
ca. 1913
drawing
Victoria & Albert Museum, London

Henri Gaudier-Brzeska
Bending Model
ca. 1913
drawing
Victoria & Albert Museum, London

Henri Gaudier-Brzeska
Study of Torso
ca. 1913
drawing
Victoria & Albert Museum, London

Henri Gaudier-Brzeska
Study of Leg
ca. 1913
drawing
Victoria & Albert Museum, London

"During the years leading up to the First World War, Gaudier was developing rapidly as an artist, stimulated both by the Parisian avant-garde and by the new sympathy for modernism that emerged in London in the wake of Roger Fry's 'Post-Impressionist' exhibitions.  In 1912 he attended life drawing classes, where he astounded his fellow students by making numerous rapid sketches rather than a few meticulous studies.  In a letter to his lover Sophie Brzeska he described this difference: 'The people in the class are so stupid, they only do two or three drawings, in two or three hours, and think me mad because I work without stopping – especially when the model is resting, because that is much more interesting than the poses.  I do from 150 to 200 drawings each time, and that intrigues them no end.' He was following a method advocated by Rodin and by Epstein – as well as being practised by Matisse."  

William Coldstream
Standing Female Nude
1937
oil on canvas
Tate Gallery

"Standing Female Nude is the only surviving picture of Coldstream's painted in the School of Drawing and Painting set up by himself, Claude Rogers and Victor Pasmore (later joined by Graham Bell).  It was painted at the School's first location at 12 Fitzroy Street in the autumn of 1937.  Coldstream, Rogers and Pasmore were leading figures in the group that became known as the Euston Road School, which sought to invigorate realist art at a time when modernism was increasingly being associated with abstraction and Surrealism."

William Coldstream
Seated Model
1952-53
oil on canvas
Tate Gallery


Francis Cadell
Standing Model, Half-Length 
before 1937
drawing
Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art, Edinburgh

Francis Cadell
Model Study, Half-Length
before 1937
drawing
Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art, Edinburgh

Francis Cadell
Seated Model
before 1937
drawing
Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art, Edinburgh

William Orpen
Figure Studies
before 1922
drawing
Art Institute of Chicago

Leila Faithfull
Seated Model
1925
oil on canvas
University College London Art Museum

Mary Dudding
A Lincoln Model
ca. 1935
oil on canvas
Usher Gallery, Lincoln

– quoted passages from The Artist's Model from Etty to Spencer by Martin Postle and William Vaughan (London: Merrell Holberton, 1999)