Sunday, August 18, 2019

17th-century Paintings by Prominent Academicians

Sébastien Bourdon
Baptism of Christ
ca. 1650
oil on canvas
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

Nicolas de Largillière
Self-portrait as St John the Baptist
ca. 1675-78
oil on canvas
Musée  d'art et d'histoire de Genève

Philippe Vignon
Portrait of sculptor Philippe de Buyster
1687
oil on canvas
Château de Versailles

Arnould de Vuez
St Zita
1696
oil on canvas
Hospice Comtesse, Lille

"The aspirants generally seem to have borne in mind the main preoccupations of the body – preoccupations that they almost certainly shared – when executing their pictures or statues, whether spontaneously or in an effort to satisfy their judges.  They were undoubtedly required to demonstrate a high standard of draftsmanship and to master those rules of the art that could be imparted by teaching, notably anatomy and perspective.  But there is near unanimity among the artists who left any kind of statement that a picture could be satisfactorily drawn, well colored, carefully composed  – and nevertheless leave the spectator cold.  A painting must, they said, make a strong impact on the spectator, either through the beauty of its ideas or the power of its expression – or by whatever else it is that conveys a sense of life: expression, ensemble, grace, truth, enthusiasm, or magic, to adopt some of the terms employed by academicians.  By contrast, ideal beauty never served as a criterion by which works could be judged.  According to the comte de Caylus, two faculties came into play in the execution of a picture: genius (the fruit of enthusiasm) and taste (which rectified what genius had produced).  Genius, he said, could not be acquired; it could only be ignited.  By contrast, taste was produced by training and by reflection on the great masters.  If we confine ourselves to Caylus's categories, it seems likely that the Académie was content with assessing taste in the works submitted to it but that certain artists strove to execute works reflecting their own genius."

– The Académie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture: The Birth of the French School, 1648-1793 by Christian Michel, published in France in 2012, translated by Chris Miller and published by Getty Research Institute in 2018

Charles de La Fosse
Sacrifice of Iphigenia
1680
oil on canvas
Château de Versailles

Charles de La Fosse
Apollo and Thetis
1688
oil on canvas
Château de Versailles

Charles de La Fosse
Assumption of the Virgin
ca. 1680
oil on canvas
Musée des Beaux-Arts de Nancy

Charles de La Fosse
Acis and Galatea
ca. 1699
oil on copper
Museo del Prado, Madrid

Hyacinthe Rigaud
Portrait of Gaspard Rigaud 
1691
oil on canvas
Musée Hyacinthe Rigaud, Perpignan

Hyacinthe Rigaud
Portrait of Jean-Baptiste Monginot
1688
oil on canvas
private collection

Hyacinthe Rigaud
Portrait of Pierre-Frédéric Léonard, King's Printer, his wife Marie-Anne des Essarts, and their daughter
1692
oil on canvas
Musée du Louvre

Hyacinthe Rigaud
Portrait of Maximilian Oldrich Kounic
1698
oil on canvas
Slavkov Castle, Czech Republic

Hyacinthe Rigaud
Christ Expiring
1696
oil on canvas
Musée Hyacinthe Rigaud, Perpignan

Hyacinthe Rigaud
Portrait of Pierre-Vincent Bertin
1685
oil on canvas
private collection