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| Master of the Pala Sforzesca Head of a Woman ca. 1500-1510 drawing Galleria Borghese, Rome |
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| Michelangelo Studies for Sistine Chapel Ceiling 1508 drawing Detroit Institute of Arts |
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| Biagio Pupini Musical Contest between Apollo and Pan active 1511-1551 drawing Museo Diocesano, Milan |
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| Biagio Pupini Standing Woman with Laurel Wreath active 1511-1551 drawing Art Institute of Chicago |
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| Bernardino Luini Head of a Woman before 1532 drawing private collection |
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| Perino del Vaga Caesar crossing the Rubicon before 1547 drawing private collection |
"In Latin, memoria, that which stores within itself the perceptions of the senses, is called reminiscentia when it discloses them. But it also meant the faculty by which we form images, which the Greeks called phantasia and we call immaginativa. For where we commonly say immaginare, in Latin they said memorare. Was this because we can neither imagine something unless we have remembered it, nor remember anything unless we perceive it through the senses? Certainly, painters have never depicted any kind of plant nor any living thing which nature has not produced, for their hippogriffs and centaurs are truths of nature mingled with what is false. Nor have poets thought up any form of virtue not to be found in human affairs. Rather do they extol, to an unbelievable degree, something selected from public life, and fashion their heroes in that mould. Through their fables, therefore, the Greeks handed down their belief that the Muses, which are virtues depicted by the imagination, were the daughters of Memory."
– Giambattista Vico, On the Ancient Wisdom of the Italians taken from the Origins of the Latin Language (1710), translated from Italian by Leon Pompa (1982)
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| Pietro Faccini Académie ca. 1580 drawing Cabinet des Estampes et des Dessins de Strasbourg |
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| Pietro Faccini Académie ca. 1580 drawing private collection |
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| Pietro Faccini Seated Female Figure ca. 1590 drawing Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York |
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| Giovanni Battista Paggi Christ receiving the Virgin into Heaven ca. 1580-90 drawing Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York |
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| Annibale Carracci Lute Player ca. 1585 drawing Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam |
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| Ludovico Carracci Harpy ca. 1588 drawing Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam |
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| Ferraù Fenzoni Angel brandishing a Sword ca. 1590 drawing Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York |
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| Giovanni Battista Naldini Seated Figure before 1591 drawing Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York |
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| Giovanni Battista Naldini Head of a Woman and Study of a Hand before 1591 drawing Palais des Beaux-Arts de Lille |