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| Corneille van Clève La Loire et le Loiret ca. 1707 marble Jardin des Tuileries, Paris |
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| Daniele da Volterra Angels with Lilies ca. 1545 stucco relief Sala Reggia, Palazzo Apostolico, Vatican |
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| Honoré Daumier Two Lawyers shaking Hands ca. 1860 drawing, with gouache Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam |
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| Eustache Le Sueur Pair of Half-Length Figures ca. 1645-48 drawing (study for fresco cycle, The Life of St Bruno) Musée du Louvre |
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| Gabriel de Saint-Aubin Women in Turkish Dress ca. 1760-70 drawing, with added watercolor Musée du Louvre |
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| Giandomenico Tiepolo Merchant, with Slave lifting a Bale 1753 drawing (study for fresco) Graphische Sammlung, Staatsgalerie Stuttgart |
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| François Lemoyne Figure Studies before 1737 drawing Musée du Louvre |
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| Giulio Campi Seed Sowing ca. 1537-38 drawing (study for fresco) Musée du Louvre |
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| Salvator Rosa Two Men pulling on a Rope before 1673 drawing Musée du Louvre |
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| Correggio (Antonio Allegri) Two Figures seated on Clouds ca. 1526-28 drawing (study for cupola fresco, Parma Cathedral) Musée du Louvre |
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| Giulio Campagnola Landscape with Two Men in Conversation before 1515 drawing Musée du Louvre |
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| Peter Paul Rubens after Jan van Scorel Two Figures from The Baptism of Christ ca. 1601-1608 drawing Musée du Louvre |
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| attributed to Giovanni Mauro della Rovere Two Figures fleeing from a Collapsing Building before 1640 drawing Musée du Louvre |
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| Toussaint Dubreuil after Michelangelo Two Figures ca. 1580-1600 drawing Musée du Louvre |
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| Bartolomeo Passarotti Two Female Torsos after Antique Sculpture before 1592 drawing Musée du Louvre |
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| Nicolò dell'Abate Noli me tangere ca. 1552-58 drawing Musée du Louvre |
"Genuine reality is only to be found beyond the immediacy of feeling and of external objects. Nothing is genuinely real but that which is actual in its own right, that which is the substance of nature and of mind, fixing itself indeed in present and definite existence, but in this existence still retaining its essential and self-centred being, and thus and no otherwise attaining genuine reality. The dominion of these universal powers is exactly what art accentuates and reveals. The common outer and inner world also no doubt presents to us this essence of reality, but in the shape of a chaos of accidental matters, encumbered by the immediateness of sensuous presentation, and by arbitrary states, events, characters, etc. Art liberates the real import of appearances from the semblance and deception of this bad and fleeting world, and imparts to phenomenal semblances a higher reality, born of mind. The appearances of art, therefore, far from being mere semblances, have the higher reality and the more genuine existence in comparison with the realities of common life."
– Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, from Lectures on Aesthetics (published posthumously, 1835-38), translated by Bernard Bosanquet (1886)