Tuesday, May 23, 2023

Diploma Work (1810-1840)

David Wilkie
Boys digging for Rats
1812
oil on panel
(diploma work)
Royal Academy of Arts, London

"In his youth David Wilkie was held in such esteem by his peers that he was elected an Associate of the Royal Academy despite the fact that he had not quite reached the required minimum age of 24.  After his election to full Academician in 1811 he presented this painting as his Diploma Work, a small scene of everyday life that formed a marked contrast to the grand historical subjects that many of his contemporaries had given.  Wilkie excelled in this kind of low-life subject, which was immensely popular with the public.  He was particularly skillful in choosing scenes which were not only entertaining but also, through expressive gestures and carefully posed figures, involved the viewer in a narrative."

Henry Raeburn
Boy and Rabbit
ca. 1814
oil on canvas
(diploma work)
Royal Academy of Arts, London

"Henry Raeburn lived and worked in Edinburgh, and was the leading Scottish portrait painter of his day.  The sitter, Henry Raeburn Inglis, was the son of Raeburn's stepdaughter and a great favourite with the painter.  He is shown placing a protective arm around his pet rabbit as he feeds it dandelion leaves.  The boy's proximity to the picture plane and Raeburn's broad handling of the landscape suggests a familiarity and ease which would have been more restrained in a commissioned portrait.  This portrait has in fact been disguised as a genre painting in order to meet the Academy's requirements for Diploma Work."

William Redmore Bigg
Cottagers
1814
oil on canvas
(diploma work)
Royal Academy of Arts, London

"Bigg entered the Royal Academy Schools in 1778.  His conversation and genre pieces, often with 'improving' messages, became popular in the late 18th century and were frequently reproduced as coloured engravings.  Bigg presented a reassuring and pleasing view of peasant life – aimed at an audience far removed from the pictures' subjects."  

Edward Bird
Proclaiming Joash King
ca. 1815
oil on panel
(diploma work)
Royal Academy of Arts, London

William Mulready
The Village Buffoon
1816
oil on canvas
(diploma work)
Royal Academy of Arts, London

"The compositional structure to this anecdotal scene is typical of Mulready.  In the manner of Pieter de Hooch (1629-1684) he often set his groups against buildings which framed the narrative and positioned the central figure in the brightest light." 

William Wilkins
Design for Gateway and Cloisters, King's College, Cambridge
ca. 1824
drawing
(diploma work)
Royal Academy of Arts, London

Jeffry Wyatville
Design for a Mansion for the 1st Earl of Yarborough,
Brocklesby Park, Lincolnshire

1824
drawing, with watercolor
(diploma work)
Royal Academy of Arts, London

John Constable
A Boat passing a Lock
1826
oil on canvas
(diploma work)
Royal Academy of Arts, London

"Constable was elected a Royal Academician on 10th February 1829.  Although he had at least three major works in his possession, he decided that he wanted to deposit A Boat passing a Lock as his Diploma Work.  The owner of the painting, a friend, James Carpenter, agreed to return the picture to Constable on the condition he received a replacement, preferably a scene of Hampstead Heath.  Constable deposited 100 guineas with Sir C. Scott's banking house as a guarantee that he would paint a picture of the same size by June 1830.  In April 1830, just before he sent the present painting to the Royal Academy exhibition, Constable wrote to Carpenter saying that he would not give him the promised replacement painting after all but forfeit the 100 guineas."  

William Etty
Sleeping Nymph and Satyrs
1828
oil on canvas
(diploma work)
Royal Academy of Arts, London

Charles Lock Eastlake
Hagar and Ishmael
1830
oil on panel
(diploma work)
Royal Academy of Arts, London

John Peter Gandy
Design for Exeter Hall, Westminster
ca. 1830
drawing, with watercolor
(diploma work)
Royal Academy of Arts, London

Gilbert Stuart Newton
Abelard in his Study
1833
oil on canvas
(diploma work)
Royal Academy of Arts, London

"According to William Sandby, Newton's Diploma Work was his last painting.  The subject combines the artist's interest in literary learning, romance and historicism.  It depicts the 12th-century philosopher and theologian, Peter Abelard reading a love letter from his student, Heloise."

Thomas Uwins
The House of Mourning
1836
oil on canvas
(diploma work)
Royal Academy of Arts, London

Philip Hardwick
Design for Euston Arch, Eaton Square, London
ca. 1837
drawing, with watercolor
(diploma work)
Royal Academy of Arts, London

John Gibson
Narcissus
1838
marble
(diploma work)
Royal Academy of Arts, London

"Gibson based the pose of Narcissus on a boy he observed sitting at the edge of a fountain on the Pincio in Rome.  True to his Neoclassical principles, the artist here translated a modern life-experience into a more generalized and traditional ideal." 

Daniel Maclise
The Woodranger
1838
oil on canvas
(diploma work)
Royal Academy of Arts, London

Solomon Alexander Hart
An Early Reading of Shakespeare
1838
oil on canvas
(diploma work)
Royal Academy of Arts, London

"Solomon Hart was born in Plymouth but moved to London in 1820 with his father, a Jewish goldsmith, engraver and Hebrew teacher.  Hart began his studies by drawing classical sculpture at the British Museum and was admitted in 1823 to the Royal Academy Schools.  From the 1830s there was a growing interest in the early history of England and also the enshrining of Shakespeare as a national treasure.  Hart seeks here not to paint a specific historical event or a scene from Shakespeare, but rather to recreate the atmosphere of a late 16th-century domestic interior showing figures listening attentively to a reading from their Immortal Bard." 

William Frederick Witherington
Landscape with Figures
1839
oil on canvas
(diploma work)
Royal Academy of Arts, London

"Witherington was born in London and entered the Royal Academy Schools in 1805.  Except for one year he exhibited annually at the Royal Academy from 1811 to 1865.  Like William Bigg, Witherington successfully courted popularity with the urban bourgeoisie by concealing the harsh realities of rural life behind a scrim of picturesque domesticity."  

– quoted texts adapted from Royal Academy notes