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Antoine-Jean Gros Portrait of Christine Boyer, wife of Lucien Bonaparte ca. 1800 oil on canvas Musée du Louvre |
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Anonymous British Dressmaker Empire Gown ca. 1805-1810 embroidered silk Philadelphia Museum of Art |
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Hermann Carl Eduard Biewend Helene at my Father's Farm 1849 daguerreotype National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa |
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Charles Nègre Quai Bourbon, Paris 1852 collodion print from salted paper negative National Museum of American History, Washington DC |
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Gustave Le Gray Portrait of a Woman ca. 1855 albumen silver print National Gallery of Australia, Canberra |
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Ford Madox Brown Stages of Cruelty ca. 1860 oil on canvas Manchester Art Gallery |
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Jules-Adolphe Goupil Essai de la Robe 1866 etching National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa |
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Raimundo de Madrazo y Garreta Reverie - The Letter ca. 1870 oil on panel Clark Art Institute, Williamstown, Massachusetts |
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Georg Emil Hansen Princesses Dagmar, Alexandra and Thyra of Denmark ca. 1874-75 albumen print Royal Collection, Great Britain |
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Jared Bradley Flagg Alice Pike Barney in her Wedding Dress 1876 oil on canvas Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington DC |
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Jules David Fashion Plate 1878 watercolor and ink on card Clark Art Institute, Williamstown, Massachusetts |
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José García Ramos The Dance 1884 oil on canvas Museo de Bellas Artes de Sevilla |
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Thomas Wilmer Dewing Lady in Yellow 1888 oil on panel Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, Boston |
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Émile Friant The Garden Walk 1889 oil on panel Philadelphia Museum of Art |
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Thomas Eakins The Opera Singer 1892 oil on board Blanton Museum of Art, Austin, Texas |
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Thomas Buford Meteyard Portrait of poet Bliss Carman ca. 1895 watercolor and ink on paper Agnes Etherington Art Centre, Kingston, Ontario |
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Cecilia Beaux Dorothea and Francesca 1898 oil on canvas Art Institute of Chicago |
from To Penshurst
There's none, that dwell about them, wish them downe
But all come in, the farmer, and the clowne:
And no-one empty-handed, to salute
Thy lord, and lady, though they have no sute.
Some bring a capon, some a rurall cake,
Some nuts, some apples; some that thinke they make
The better cheeses, bring 'hem; or else send
By their ripe daughters, whom they would commend
This way to husbands; and whose baskets beare
An embleme of themselves, in plum, or peare.
But what can this (more than expresse their love)
Adde to their free provisions, farre above
The neede of such? whose liberall boord doth flow
With all, that hospitalitie doth know!
Where comes no guest, but is allow'd to eate
Without his feare, and of thy lords owne meate:
Where the same beere, and bread, and selfe-same wine,
That is his Lordships, shall be also mine.
– Martial (AD 40-104), as adapted and translated by Ben Jonson (1616)