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| Peter Candid Minerva as Friedensbringerin ca. 1615-20 oil on canvas Alte Pinakothek, Munich |
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| Simon Fokke Minerva displaying a Painting of the Holy Family 1741 etching Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam |
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| Piero Paolo Galeotti Minerva in Armor 1562 bronze medallion National Gallery of Art, Washington DC |
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| Isaac de Joudreville Minerva in her Study ca. 1631 oil on panel Denver Art Museum |
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| Gottfried Bernhard Göz Maximilian III Joseph of Bavaria instructed by Minerva ca. 1745 etching Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam |
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| Constantin Hansen Birth of Pallas Athena 1869 oil on canvas Kunsten Museum, Aalborg, Denmark |
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| Paris Bordone Athena scorning the Advances of Hephaestus ca. 1555-60 oil on canvas Museum of Art and Archaeology, University of Missouri, Columbia |
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| Nicoletto da Modena Pallas Athena ca. 1500-1510 engraving Graphische Sammlung Albertina, Vienna |
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| Bartholomeus van der Helst Diana the Huntress ca. 1640-50 oil on canvas Palais des Beaux-Arts de Lille |
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| Michel Dorigny Goddess Diana as Huntress 1612 oil on canvas Blanton Museum of Art, Austin, Texas |
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| Alessandro Gherardini Diana resting with Putto and Hounds ca. 1705 detached fresco Victoria & Albert Museum, London |
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| Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot Bath of Diana ca. 1869-70 oil on canvas Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza, Madrid |
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| Johann Heiss Artemis of Ephesus as Allegory of Fertility ca. 1680-90 oil on canvas private collection (image from Galerie Neuse, Bremen, 2021) |
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| Crispijn de Passe the Elder Juno and Jupiter ca. 1620 engraving Herzog August Bibliothek, Wulfenbüttel |
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| Domenico Maria Fratta after Donato Creti The Enchantress Circe before 1763 etching British Museum |
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| Cristofano Robetta after Filippino Lippi Two Muses ca. 1520 engraving Graphische Sammlung, ETH Zürich |
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| Anonymous Italian Artist after Annibale Carracci The Nymph Clytie tempted by Cupid ca. 1630-50 oil on panel Cincinnati Art Museum, Ohio |
from Hymn to Aphrodite
Sing, Muse, the Force, and all-informing Fire
Of Cyprian Venus, Goddess of Desire:
Her Charms, th' Immortal Minds of Gods can move,
And tame the stubborn Race of Men to Love.
The wilder Herds and ravenous Beasts of Prey,
Her Influence feel, and own her kindly Sway.
Thro' pathless Air, and boundless Ocean's Space,
She rules the feather'd Kind and finny Race;
Whole Nature on her sole Support depends,
And far as Life exists, her Care extends.
– Homeric Hymns (8th-6th century BC), translated by William Congreve (1710)
