Tuesday, December 31, 2024

Painted Peasants

Louis Le Nain
Peasants before their House
ca. 1641
oil on canvas
Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco
(California Palace of the Legion of Honor)

Louis Le Nain
Peasant Interior
ca. 1645
oil on canvas
National Gallery of Art, Washington DC

Master of the Games
Peasant Family
ca. 1650
oil on canvas
Detroit Institute of Arts

Adriaen van Ostade
Peasant Meal
1673
drawing, with added watercolor
Morgan Library, New York

Ortensia Poncarali Maggi
Peasant Girl with Basket of Fruit
ca. 1760
pastel on vellum
(only known surviving work of this artist)
Galleria Nazionale di Parma

Pieter Brueghel the Elder
The Peasant and the Nest-Robber
1568
oil on panel
Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna

Lucien Simon
Breton Peasants seated beside a Menhir
ca. 1910
oil on canvas
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

Ignacio Zuloaga
Spanish Peasants
1905
oil on canvas
Alte Nationalgalerie, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin

Anonymous Italian Artist
Landscape with Peasants
18th century
oil on canvas
Saint Louis Art Museum

David Teniers the Younger
Gypsy telling the Fortune of a Peasant
ca. 1630-40
oil on canvas
Staatliche Kunsthalle, Karlsruhe

David Teniers the Younger
Latona turning the Lycian Peasants into Frogs
ca. 1640-50
oil on copper
Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco
(California Palace of the Legion of Honor)

Herman van Swanevelt
Italianate Landscape with Latona and the Lycian Peasants
1637-38
oil on canvas
Gemäldegalerie, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin

Jan Brueghel the Elder
Latona and the Lycian Peasants
1601
oil on panel
Städel Museum, Frankfurt

Giuseppe Gambarini
Monks soliciting Gifts of Food from Peasants
ca. 1719
oil on canvas
Staatsgalerie, Stuttgart

Jacques d'Arthois
Landscape with Peasants attacked by Brigands
ca. 1660
oil on panel
Staatliche Kunsthalle, Karlsruhe

Wilhelm Thielmann
Mourning Peasants
1910
oil on canvas
Alte Nationalgalerie, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin

The Airship Era

They'd barely emerged from the deep-green forests
of that epauletted century. Geraniums bloomed on windowsills in Heidelberg.
Student princes eyed the tavern keeper's daughter through the blond foam
of their tankards. The future must have seemed weightless
as it came nosing through the clouds, smooth as a biblical fish
throwing its giant shadow on the sea floor, its thin gold-beater's skin
pressed back against its ribs, cloche-hatted women in fox furs
waving through its observation windows. Composed of too much

dream stuff to be echt matériel, shoals of them congregated silently
over London in the moon's dark phases, concealed above clouds.
Their crews were unnerved by crackling blue halos; eerie lightning
shot from frostbitten fingers as they lowered spy baskets
on trapeze wires below the cloud clover, taking careful soundings.
Those whom they did not kill scarcely believed in them,
improbable contraptions the parchment-yellow color of old maps,

vessels a rational traveler might have chosen, a half-century earlier,
to pursue daft, round-the-world steampunk wagers. But for them –
the gilded aerialists in their giant dirigibles – the world remained a storybook
unfolding endlessly in signs and wonders, over which they drifted
in stylish accidie; leviathan hunters, relaxed as Victorian naturalists.
And up there everything looked different:
the borders absurd, the people in their witch-hunting villages as out-of-date
as peasants in a medieval breviary. The mountains, too, seemed surpassable,

offering an alternative angle on the sublime. Occasionally there was concern:
a tear in the fabric, hooked to a typhoon's tail above the China Sea,
or harried by storms across the Atlantic. But how lighter than air they were.
They did not understand, as they fell continually upwards,
how the nature of the element was the price of their rising:
the assiduous atom seeking an exit, thronging the fabric of their cells.
Witness was the privilege of many: newsreels captured the death of a star
and – oh the humanity! – its last leisurely plummet in fire, its ashen armature.

– Caitríona O'Reilly (2015)

Swatches

Italian Makers
Fabric Panel
ca. 1450-1500
silk velvet with gilt-metal threads
Art Institute of Chicago

Italian Makers
Fabric Panel
ca. 1480-90
silk velvet with gilt-metal threads
Bayerisches Nationalmuseum, Munich

Italian Makers
Fabric Panel
17th century
silk damask
Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, Boston

French Makers
Fabric Panel
ca. 1750
silk brocade
Art Institute of Chicago

French Makers
Fabric Panel
ca. 1770-80
silk brocade
Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto

French Makers
Fabric Panel
ca. 1780-90
block-printed and hand-painted cotton
Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto

Netherlandish Makers
Fragment of Table Carpet
ca. 1650-70
wool and silk tapestry-work
Denver Art Museum

Charles Francis Annesley Voysey (designer)
Fabric Panel
ca. 1890
printed cotton-and-silk blend
National Gallery of Australia, Canberra

Constance Irving for William Foxton Ltd.
Fabric Panel
ca. 1925-30
roller-printed cretonne
private collection

Russian Makers
Fabric Panel - "Construction Site"
ca. 1920-30
machine-printed cotton
private collection

House of Scalamandré
Fabric Panel
"Ancient Horses frightened by Voice of the Oracle"

1949
screenprinted cotton
Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto

American Makers
Fabric Panel - "Tumbling Blocks" Patchwork Pattern
ca. 1890-1900
roller-printed cotton
Denver Art Museum

Helen Grey-Smith (designer)
Fabric Panel
ca. 1960
screenprinted cotton
National Gallery of Australia, Canberra

Helen Grey-Smith (designer)
Fabric Panel
ca. 1960
screenprinted cotton
National Gallery of Australia, Canberra

Unknown Maker
Fabric Panel
(Bauhaus Study Sample of Furnishing Fabric)
ca. 1926
wool, cotton, rayon
National Gallery of Australia, Canberra

Lena Bergner (weaver)
Fabric Panel
(Bauhaus Study Sample of Dress Fabric)
ca. 1930
cotton
National Gallery of Australia, Canberra

Penelope's Song

Little soul, little perpetually undressed one,
do now as I bid you, climb
the shelf-like branches of the spruce tree,
wait at the top, attentive, like
a sentry or look-out. He will be home soon,
it behooves you to be
generous. You have not been completely 
perfect either; with your troublesome body
you have done things you shouldn't
discuss in poems. Therefore
call out to him over the open water, over the bright water
with your dark song, with your grasping
unnatural song – passionate,
like Maria Callas. Who
wouldn't want you? Whose most demonic appetite
could you possibly fail to answer? Soon
he will return from wherever he goes in the meantime,
suntanned from his time away, wanting
his grilled chicken. Ah, you must greet him, 
you must shake the boughs of the tree
to get his attention,
but carefully, carefully, lest 
his beautiful face be marred
by too many falling needles. 

– Louise Glück (1996)

Monday, December 30, 2024

Allegorical Contrivances - III

Félix Auvray
Allegorical Scene
(Child with the Three Fates)

ca. 1820-30
drawing
Musée des Beaux-Arts de Valenciennes

Carlo Caliari
Allegorical Figures
ca. 1590-95
oil on canvas
National Gallery, Athens

Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione (il Grechetto)
Study for Allegorical Composition
ca. 1652
drawing
Hamburger Kunsthalle

Hans Daucher
Allegory of Dürer's Virtues
(armored artist in combat before his patron, Emperor Maximilian I)
1522
Solnhofen limestone relief
Bode Museum, Berlin

Abraham Hondius
Cosmic Allegory
ca. 1660-65
oil on canvas
Kunstmuseum, Basel

Anonymous Italian Artist
Holy Trinity in the Tree of Eden
flanked by Allegorical Figures

ca. 1650
drawing
Staatsgalerie, Stuttgart

Laurent de La Hyre
Allegory of the Regency of Anne of Austria
1648
oil on canvas
Château de Versailles

Anonymous German Artist
Allegorical Figure of Discretion
1702-1704
sandstone relief
(architectural ornament)
Bode Museum, Berlin

Andreas Schlüter
Allegorical Figure of Fortitude
ca. 1704
sandstone relief
(lunette)
Bode Museum, Berlin

Michiel Sweerts
Allegory of the Sense of Hearing
ca. 1655-60
oil on canvas
Staatsgalerie, Stuttgart

Adolph Menzel
Study for Hammonia
(Personification of Hamburg)
1887
drawing
Hamburger Kunsthalle

Charles Mellin-
Allegorical Figure
ca. 1630
drawing
Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenhagen

Balthasar Permoser
Flora as Allegory of Spring
1695
ivory
Herzog Anton Ulrich Museum, Braunschweig

Pontormo (Jacopo Carrucci)
Allegorical Figure
ca. 1535-36
drawing
(study for fresco)
Hamburger Kunsthalle

Antonio Vassilacchi (Antonio Aliense)
Allegorical Scene
ca. 1585
drawing
Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenhagen

Jacopo Tintoretto
Allegorical Portrait of Ottavio Strada
1567
oil on canvas
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

Duke of Guise [soliloquy]:

Now Guise, begins those deepe ingendred thoughts
To burst abroad, those never dying flames,
Which cannot be extinguisht but by bloud.
Oft have I leveld, and at last have learnd,
That perill is the cheefest way to happines,
And resolution honors fairest aime.
What glory is there in a common good,
That hanges for every peasant to atchive?
That like I best that flyes beyond my reach.
Set me to scale the high Peramides,
And thereon set the Diadem of Fraunce,
Ile either rend it with my nayles to naught,
Or mount the top with my aspiring winges,
Although my downfall be the deepest hell.
For this, I wake, when others think I sleepe,
For this, I waite, that scornes attendance else:
For this, my quenchles thirst whereon I builde,
Hath often pleaded kindred to the King,
For this, this head, this heart, this hand and sworde,
Contrives, imagines and fully executes
Matters of importe, aimed at by many,
Yet understoode by none.
For this, hath heaven engendred me of earth,
For this, this earth sustaines my bodies waight,
And with this wait I'le counterpoise a Crowne,
Or with seditions weary all the worlde . . .

– Christopher Marlowe, The Massacre at Paris, scene ii (1593)

International Accessories

Susan Bennis/Warren Edwards, New York
Shoes
1991
silk-satin over leather with silk-chiffon flowers
Philadelphia Museum of Art

Maison Chapelle Cordonnier, Paris
Slippers
ca. 1900
silk-satin and silk grosgrain with kid linings
Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, Boston

Anonymous Mexican Maker
Shoes
ca. 1932
wool tapestry and leather
Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto

Anonymous English Maker
Spats
ca. 1920
wool twill and leather
Philadelphia Museum of Art

Janet Morton
Work Socks for Patsy the Elephant
2000
acrylic yarn
Museum London, Ontario

Elsa Schiaparelli
Boots
1939
silk-satin over leather
Philadelphia Museum of Art

Anonymous American Maker
Fingerless Mitts
19th century
embroidered silk net
Philadelphia Museum of Art

Anonymous English Maker
Purse
ca. 1600-1640
silk tapestry-work on linen canvas
Art Museums of Colonial Williamsburg, Virginia

Anonymous English Maker
Reticule
ca. 1800
leather and silk
Clark Art Institute, Williamstown, Massachusetts

Anonymous American Maker
Reticule
ca. 1900
beaded silk
Philadelphia Museum of Art

Anonymous English Maker
Coif
ca. 1575-1625
linen embroidered with silk
Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge

Anonymous French Maker
Hat
ca. 1787-97
straw trimmed with silk ribbon
Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto

Anonymous Chinese Maker
Headdress
ca. 1850-1900
satin-weave silk, feathers, pearls, glass, coral
Asian Art Museum, San Francisco

Anonymous Irish Maker
Hat for a Bridesmaid
1828
silk
Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto

Anonymous Japanese Maker
Ceremonial Helmet with Octopus Motif
19th century
carved wood and lacquered leather
National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne

Stephen Jones Millinery (London)
Hat
2002
silk gauze and wire
Philadelphia Museum of Art

The Gold Lily

As I perceive
I am dying now and know
I will not speak again, will not
survive the earth, be summoned 
out of it again, not
a flower yet, a spine only, raw dirt
catching my ribs, I call you,
father and master: all around,
my companions are failing, thinking
you do not see. How
can they know you see
unless you save us?
In the summer twilight, are you
close enough to hear
your child's terror? Or
are you not my father,
you who raised me?

– Louise Glück (1992)