Monday, July 9, 2018

Portraits Painted by 18th-century Scandinavians

Georg Engelhard Schröder
Portrait of Fredrik I, King of Sweden and Queen Ulrika Eleonora
ca. 1730
oil on canvas
Nationalmuseum, Stockholm

Lorens Pasch the Younger
Portrait of the Dowager Queen Lovisa Ulrika of Sweden
1775
oil on canvas
Nationalmuseum, Stockholm

"The past, the past – everyone tried to hold on to it, this thing that had gone, festooning its immateriality with beads and baubles, with bits of themselves."

– John Banville, writing as Benjamin Black in Holy Orders (2013)

Ulrica Pasch
Portrait of Dorothea Elisabeth Schultz
1771
oil on canvas
Nationalmuseum, Stockholm

Ulrica Pasch
Portrait of Lovisa Sofia af Geijerstam
1780
oil on canvas
Nationalmuseum, Stockholm

Michael Dahl
Portrait of Mrs Françoise Leijoncrona
1700
oil on canvas
Nationalmuseum, Stockholm

attributed to Georg Desmarées
Portrait of architect Nicodemus Tessin
1723
oil on canvas
Nationalmuseum, Stockholm

Carl Gustaf Pilo
Portrait of Mrs Charlotta Pilo née Desmarées
1756
oil on panel
Nationalmuseum, Stockholm

Carl Gustaf Pilo
Portrait of Caroline Matilda of Great Britain, Queen of Denmark
ca. 1765-75
oil on canvas
Nationalmuseum, Stockholm

Carl Gustaf Pilo
Portrait of Louise, Queen of Denmark
ca. 1745
oil on canvas
Nationalmuseum, Stockholm

Carl Fredrik von Breda
Portrait of the artist's father
1797
oil on canvas
Nationalmuseum, Stockholm

Adolf Ulrik Wertmüller
Self-portrait
ca. 1795
oil on canvas
Nationalmuseum, Stockholm

Adolf Ulrik Wertmüller
Portrait of medal-engraver Lars Grandel
ca. 1780
oil on canvas
Nationalmuseum, Stockholm

Adolf Ulrik Wertmüller
Portrait of Madame Aughié (friend of Marie-Antoinette)
 as a Dairymaid in the Royal Dairy at the Trianon, Versailles

1787
oil on canvas
Nationalmuseum, Stockholm

Adolf Ulrik Wertmüller
Portrait of Queen Marie Antoinette and two of her children
walking in the park at the Trianon, Versailles

1785
oil on canvas
Nationalmuseum, Stockholm

"Adolf Wertmüller was commissioned by King Gustav III to paint this portrait of Marie Antoinette and two of her children.  The painting was displayed at the Salon in Paris in 1785, four years before the French Revolution.  Wertmüller's autobiography explains how the portrait came about – "I travelled to Versailles and from there to Petit Trianon, where she spent her summers.  That is where I painted portraits of her and the Princess, who was six years old at the time.  The Queen welcomed me with the greatest of kindness and distinction, and gave the order that I should paint His Highness the Dauphin at La Muette while I was here.  I then headed back to Paris and painted a large canvas of natural size and the full length of the persons."  Wertmüller ordered two mannequins for his studio in Paris – one for the Prince's portrait and one for the Princess.  It was common to lend the portraitist the clothing that you wanted to be depicted in.  It is therefore assumed that the costumes in which the mannequins were dressed actually belonged to the Royal children.  Wertmüller also ordered a special coiffure from the Queen's wig-maker Monsieur Léonard, and he is likely to have had access to the robe à la turque that Marie Antoinette is wearing in the portrait.  Wertmüller portrays the Queen in an environment where she spent much of her time, the gardens surrounding her palace, the Petit Trianon, near Versailles.  It is the Queen's role as a mother that is highlighted in the portrait, in the spirit of Rousseau.  This is a conscious choice, part of a strategy to change the official image of Marie Antoinette from a frivolous foreigner who loved life's luxuries to the mother of all France.  . . .  Marie Antoinette was thirty years old when the portrait was painted.  Louis-Joseph was four.  He died three years later of tuberculosis.  Princess Marie-Thérèse Charlotte was the only member of the family to survive the Revolution."  

– curator's notes from the Nationalmuseum, Stockholm