Friday, September 18, 2020

Fashion in Portraits of Eighteenth-Century Women

George Romney
Portrait of Mrs Mary Robinson
ca. 1780-81
oil on canvas
Wallace Collection, London

Thomas Gainsborough
Portrait of Mrs Mary Robinson
1781
oil on canvas
Wallace Collection, London

Thomas Gainsborough
Portrait of Mrs Mary Robinson
1781
oil on canvas
National Trust, Waddesdon Manor, Buckinghamshire

Joshua Reynolds
Portrait of Mrs Mary Robinson
ca. 1783-84
oil on canvas
Wallace Collection, London

Mary Robinson ("Perdita") – English actress and author, was born in Bristol on the 27th of November 1758, the daughter of a captain of a whaler named Darby.  In 1774 she was married to Thomas Robinson, a clerk in London, where her remarkable beauty brought her many attentions; and when, after two years of fashionable life, her husband was arrested for debt, she shared his imprisonment.  She had been a precocious child, encouraged to write verses, and while in King's Bench prison she completed the collection published in two volumes in 1775.  On her release, thanks to Garrick, she secured an engagement at Drury Lane, making a successful first appearance as Juliet in 1776.  On the 3rd of December 1779 she was Perdita in Garrick's version of The Winter's Tale, and her beauty so captivated George, Prince of Wales (afterwards George IV), then in his eighteenth year, that he began a correspondence with her, signing himself "Florizel".  She was about two years his mistress, but he then deserted her, even dishonouring his bond for £20,000, payable when he came of age, and left her to obtain a pension of £500 in exchange for it from Charles James Fox.  Owing to the hostility of public opinion, she feared to return to the stage, but she published some more volumes of her writings.  There are numerous charming portraits of "Perdita".

 Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)

George Romney
Emma Hart, later Lady Hamilton, as Circe
1782
oil on canvas
National Trust, Waddesdon Manor, 
Buckinghamshire

George Romney
Emma Hart, later Lady Hamilton, as The Spinstress
1784-85
oil on canvas
Kenwood House, London

George Romney
Portrait of Emma Hart, later Lady Hamilton
ca. 1785
oil on canvas
National Portrait Gallery, London

Emma Hamilton – Daughter of Henry Lyon, a blacksmith of Great Neston in Cheshire.  The date of her birth cannot be fixed with certainty, but she was baptized at Great Neston on the 12th of May 1765, and it is not improbable that she was born in that year.  Her baptismal name was Emily.  As her father died soon after her birth, the mother, who was dependent on parish relief, had to remove to her native village, Hawarden in Flintshire.  Emma's early life is very obscure.  She was certainly illiterate, and it appears that she had a child in 1780, a fact which has led some of her biographers to place her birth before 1765.  . . .  In 1781 she was the mistress of a country gentleman, Sir Harry Featherstonhaugh, who turned her out in December of that year.  She was then pregnant, and in her distress applied to the Hon. Charles Greville, to whom she was already known.  At this time she called herself Emma Hart.  Greville, a gentleman of artistic tastes and well known in society, entertained her as his mistress, her mother, known as Mrs. Cadogan, acting as housekeeper and partly as servant.  Under the protection of Greville, whose means were narrowed by debt, she acquired some education, and was taught to sing, dance and act with professional skill.  In 1782 he introduced her to his friend Romney the portrait painter, who had been established for several years in London, and who admired her beauty with enthusiasm.  The numerous famous portraits of her from his brush may have somewhat idealised her apparently robust and brilliantly coloured beauty, but her vivacity and powers of fascination cannot be doubted.

 Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)

Joseph Highmore
Portrait of Anne, Duchess of Chandos
1746
oil on canvas
Walker Art Gallery, Liverpool

Allan Ramsay
Portrait of Mrs Elizabeth Symonds
1740
oil on canvas
Walker Art Gallery, Liverpool

Thomas Gainsborough
Portrait of Louisa Barbarina Mansel, Lady Vernon
ca. 1753
oil on canvas
National Trust, Sudbury Hall, Derbyshire

Thomas Hudson
Portrait of Mrs Emma Harvey
(in so-called "van Dyck dress")
ca. 1750-60
oil on canvas
Bristol Museum and Art Gallery

Joshua Reynolds
Lady Henrietta Antonia Herbert, Countess of Powis
1777-78
oil on canvas
National Trust, Powis Castle, Wales

George Romney
Portrait of Georgiana, Lady Greville
(died in childbirth at age nineteen)
1771-72
oil on canvas
Courtauld Gallery, London

John Hoppner
Mrs Jordan as Viola in Twelfth Night
ca. 1785-92
oil on canvas
Kenwood House, London

Angelica Kauffmann
Self Portrait
ca. 1770-75
oil on canvas
National Portrait Gallery, London

Anonymous British Artist
Elizabeth Barry as Zara 
in The Mourning Bride by Congreve
ca. 1705
oil on canvas
National Trust, Smallhythe Place, Kent