Gendered - I

Andy Warhol
Marilyn
1967
screenprint
Göteborgs Konstmuseum, Sweden

Georg Melchior Kraus
Study of Millinery
ca. 1771-72
watercolor on paper
Städel Museum, Frankfurt

Paul Gervais
Woman Smoking
ca. 1907
oil on canvas
(design for advertisement - Job Cigarette Papers)
Musée Hyacinthe Rigaud, Perpignan

Virginie Géo-Rémy
Grandmother's Fan
1886
oil on canvas
Musée des Beaux-Arts de Nantes

Franz Xaver Winterhalter
Portrait of the Duchesse de Morny,
née princesse Sophie Troubetskoï
1863
oil on canvas
Château de Compiègne

Pietro Rotari
Girl with a Flower in her Hair
ca. 1760-62
oil on canvas
National Gallery of Art, Washington DC

Henri Lehmann
Portrait of Clémence Casadavant
1861
oil on panel
Musée Condé, Chantilly

Joseph van Lerius
Portrait of Henriette Mayer van den Bergh
1857
oil on canvas
Museum Mayer van den Bergh, Antwerp

Jean-Baptiste Greuze
The Dreamer
ca. 1765-70
oil on canvas
Dallas Museum of Art

Edmond Aman-Jean
La Jeunesse
ca. 1895
pastel on paper
Musée des Beaux-Arts de Reims

Henry Fuseli
Portrait of Sophia Fuseli
ca. 1795-1800
watercolor and gouache on paper
Kupferstichkabinett, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin

Lucas Cranach the Elder
Portrait of a Court Lady
(cut down from a full-length Salome)
ca. 1530
oil on panel
Germanisches Nationalmuseum, Nuremberg

Johan Wierix
Catherine de Bourbon, duchesse de Bar
ca. 1600
engraving
Graphische Sammlung, ETH Zürich

Karl von Saar
Miniature Portrait of a Woman
1835
watercolor on ivory
Graphische Sammlung Albertina, Vienna

Antoine Plamondon
Portrait of Adèle Fortier
1834
oil on canvas
National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa

Klementine Noll-Prenger
Woman Reading
ca. 1900
tempera on canvas
Städel Museum, Frankfurt

The news of what was done coming straightway to Athens, they instantly laid hands on all the Boeotians then in Attica and sent an officer to Plataea to forbid their farther proceeding with their Theban prisoners till such time as they also should have advised of the matter; for they were not yet advertised of their putting to death.  For the first messenger was sent away when the Thebans first entered the town; and the second, when they were overcome and taken prisoners; but of what followed after they knew nothing.  So that the Athenians, when they sent, knew not what was done; and the officer arriving found that the men were already slain.  After this, the Athenians sending an army to Plataea, victualled it and left a garrison in it, and took thence both the women and children and also such men as were unserviceable for the war.  

This action falling out at Plataea and the peace now clearly dissolved, the Athenians prepared themselves for war; so also did the Lacedaemonians and their confederates, intending on either part to send ambassadors to the king [of Persia] and to other barbarians, wheresoever they had hope of succours, and contracting leagues with such cities as were not under their own command. 

– from The Peloponnesian War as written by Thucydides (5th century BC) and translated by Thomas Hobbes (1628) and edited by David Grene (1959)