Sunday, August 10, 2025

Paradigms (Western)

Jean-François Lassave
Portrait of Catherine Meneau, wife of the artist
ca. 1780
oil on canvas
Musée des Augustins de Toulouse


William Beechey
Portrait of Mary Constance
ca. 1782-87
oil on panel
Denver Art Museum
 
Thomas Gainsborough
Portrait of Lady Anna Horatia Waldegrave
ca. 1783
oil on canvas
Detroit Institute of Arts

Alexander Runciman
Woman with Cello
before 1785
etching
British Museum

Richard Cosway
Portrait of Maria Cosway
1785
oil on canvas
Newport Mansions Preservation Society, Rhode Island

Johann Heinrich Ramberg
Study of a Fashionable London Woman
ca. 1785
ink and watercolor on paper
British Museum

Antoine Vestier
Portrait of coloratura soprano Rose Renaut
1791
oil on canvas
Phoenix Art Museum, Arizona

Christian Gullager
Posthumous Portrait of Matilda Davis Williams
ca. 1791-92
oil on canvas
Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington DC

James Gillray
Billingsgate Eloquence
(caricature of Lady Cecilia Johnston)
1795
hand-colored etching
British Museum

Józef Grassi
Portrait of Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna
1802
oil on canvas
Pavlovsk Museum, Saint Petersburg

Friedrich Carl Gröger
Portrait of Frederica von Mecklenburg-Strelitz
ca. 1805
oil on canvas
private collection

Louise Hersent
Portrait of a Young Woman
1806
oil on canvas
Bowes Museum, Barnard Castle, County Durham

Adriaan de Lelie
Young Woman with a Letter
ca. 1810
oil on panel
Rijksmuseum, Twenthe

Joseph Slater
Portrait Study of a Woman
ca. 1810-15
drawing
British Museum

Thomas Sully
Mrs. Klapp (Anna Milnor)
1814
oil on canvas
Art Institute of Chicago

Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld
Portrait of Vittoria Caldoni
(well-known artist's model in Rome)
1821
drawing
Kupferstichkabinett, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin

Rudolf Schadow
Portrait of Vittoria Caldoni
(artist's model in Rome, universally idealized)
ca. 1821
marble
Neue Pinakothek, Munich

But the real Columbus here was Blake, who from 1780 onwards wrote such things as –

The wild winds weep
    And the night is a-cold;
Come hither, Sleep,
    And my griefs unfold.
But lo! the morning peeps
Over the eastern steeps,
And the rustling beds of dawn
    The earth do scorn.

Lo! to the vault
    Of pavèd heaven, 
With sorrow fraught,
    My notes are driven.
They strike the ear of night,
    Make weep the eyes of day;
They make mad the roaring winds,
    And with tempests play.

Like a fiend in a cloud,
    With howling woe
After night I do crowd
    And with night I will go;
I turn my back to the East,
From whence comforts have increased,
For light doth seize my brain,
    With frantic pain. 

    (This cannot be studied too carefully, and is almost a typical example of sound prosody, orderly without monotony and free without licence.  Every substitution is justified, both on the general principles expounded throughout this book, and to the ear in each individual case.)  

– George Saintsbury, from Historical Manual of English Prosody (1910)