Sunday, April 28, 2019

Bernardo Cavallini (1616-1656) - Naples

Bernardo Cavallino
Drunkenness of Noah
ca. 1640-45
oil on panel
Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza, Madrid

Bernardo Cavallino
Lot and his Daughters
ca. 1640-45
oil on panel
Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza, Madrid

Bernardo Cavallino
Lot and his Daughters
ca. 1644-45
oil on canvas
Musée du Louvre

Bernardo Cavallino
The Flagellation
before 1656
drawing
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

"Bernardo Cavallino melded a strikingly original individuality from a variety of sources – Spanish, French, Netherlandish, and native Italian – transforming them so completely that it is impossible to know who actually influenced him.  Despite his easily recognized individual style, little is known about Cavallino himself.  Born in Naples, he probably died there during the plague of 1656.  He worked for art dealers and private patrons whose records no longer exist.  Only eight signed or initialed paintings are extant; four drawings have been attributed to him.  During his lifetime his pictures may have been sold outside Naples, often under other artists' names.  Cavallino specialized in relatively small paintings of saints and subjects from the Old Testament, New Testament, and Roman mythology, on canvas and copper.  He was probably trained in Naples, in an academic tradition emphasizing figure drawing, architecture, perspective, and literary sources.  His paintings can be theatrical, with subtle, intense coloring; a naturalistic rendering of surfaces; mannered elegance and grace; and an emotional tenderness unparalleled in his Neapolitan peers."

– from curator's notes at the Getty Museum

Bernardo Cavallino
The Shade of Samuel invoked by Saul
ca. 1650-56
oil on copper
Getty Museum, Los Angeles

"Bernardo Cavallino depicts an episode from the Bible in which King Saul, about to enter battle with the Philistines, asked the Witch of Endor to summon the spirit of the recently deceased prophet Samuel, the last Judge of the Israelites.  Silhouetted against a bright light emanating from a nearby doorway, Samuel's skin appears suitably ashen and gray.  He engages the kneeling king with a penetrating stare, and delivers news that the next day the Philistines will defeat Israel and that Saul and his sons will die in battle.  . . .  This painting is said to be one of a group of four copper panels which were perhaps commissioned for a single recipient, which includes Cavallino's Mucius Scaevola confronting King Porsenna in the Kimbell Museum, Fort Worth."

– from curator's notes at the Getty Museum

Bernardo Cavallino
Mucius Scaevola confronting King Porsenna
ca. 1650
oil on copper
Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, Texas

Bernardo Cavallino
St Cecilia
ca. 1645
oil on canvas
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

"Cavallino painted about twenty single-figure religious and allegorical 'portraits.'  Music was a favorite subject: five of these works depict musicians, including three of Cecilia, their patron saint.  In the Boston picture, Cavallino's clever depiction of Cecilia's crimson gown unfurling into the background provides a lyrical, visual interpretation of the tune ushering forth from her violin."

– from curator's notes at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

Bernardo Cavallino
St Cecilia in Ecstasy
ca. 1640
oil on canvas
Museo Poldi Pezzoli, Milan

Bernardo Cavallino
Vision of St Dominic
ca. 1640-45
oil on canvas
National Gallery of Canada

Bernardo Cavallino
Martyrdom of St Stephen
ca. 1645
oil on canvas
Museo del Prado, Madrid

Bernardo Cavallino
Three Standing Saints
before 1656
oil on panel
private collection

Bernardo Cavallino
Immaculate Conception
1647
oil on canvas
Pinacoteca di Brera, Milan

"A Caravaggista strongly influenced by Artemisia Gentileschi, Cavallino gave his best in cabinet pictures.  His work is in a category of its own; a great colourist, his tenderness, elegance, gracefulness, and delicacy are without parallel at this moment."

– Rudolf Wittkower, Art and Architecture in Italy 1600-1750, originally published in 1958, revised by Joseph Connors and Jennifer Montagu and reissued by Yale University Press in 1999

Bernardo Cavallino
Judith with the Head of Holofernes
ca. 1650-55
oil on canvas
Nationalmuseum, Stockholm

Bernardo Cavallino
Hercules and Omphale
ca. 1640
oil on canvas
National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo

Bernardo Cavallino
Pietà
ca. 1649
oil on canvas
Museo Diocesano di Malfetta