Tuesday, April 23, 2019

Cornelius Johnson (1593-1661) - London and the Netherlands

Cornelius Johnson
Portrait of a Lady, thought to be Catherine Fenn
1623
oil on panel
Art Gallery of South Australia, Adelaide

Cornelius Johnson
Portrait of Richard Zouche
1620
oil on panel
National Portrait Gallery, London

attributed to Cornelius Johnson
Portrait of a Lady
ca. 1620
oil on panel
Geffrye Museum, London

Cornelius Johnson
Portrait of a Gentleman
1620
oil on panel
Holburne Museum, Bath
 
Cornelius Johnson
Portrait of Edward Holte
1635
oil on canvas
Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery (West Midlands)

Cornelius Johnson
Portrait of future King James II as a child
1639
oil on panel
National Portrait Gallery, London

Cornelius Johnson
Portrait of a Lady in Blue
ca. 1639
oil on canvas
Dulwich Picture Gallery, London

Cornelius Johnson
Portrait of Sir William Brockman
1642
oil on canvas
Maidstone Museum, Kent

"Cornelius Johnson (born Cornelius Janssen van Ceulen) is the forgotten man of seventeenth-century art, even though his paintings – all of them portraits – are found in many British museums, galleries and country houses.  He was prolific and successful but, as a painter of Charles I's court, had the bad luck to be overshadowed by the superstar Anthony van Dyck, and then to have his British career halted by the civil wars.  Born in London in 1593 into a Flemish/German Protestant family, Johnson probably trained mainly in the northern Netherlands, returning to London by early 1619 – the date of his earliest portraits.  Based in Blackfriars, Johnson painted gentry, aristocrats, lawyers and merchants, including members of London's Netherlandish community.  He meticulously recorded their fine dress and lace collars.  In 1632 he was appointed 'picture-drawer' to Charles I, producing a few small-scale royal portraits, although the main royal commissions went to Van Dyck.  Johnson was the first British-born artist consistently to sign and date his paintings, although his signatures varied over the years.  He worked on every scale, from the miniature to the big group portrait.

In late 1643, following the outbreak of civil war in Britain, and the collapse of court patronage, Johnson and his family moved back to the Netherlands.  There, he joined the painters' guild in the thriving coastal city of Middelburg in Zeeland, where he had friends from the London Dutch community.  In 1644 he was commissioned to paint Middelburg's burgomaster.  Johnson and his wife subsequently lived in Amsterdam, and he also worked at The Hague, where he produced his largest surviving portrait, a civic group depicting The Hague magistrates.  Early in the 1650s the Johnsons settled in one of the best streets in Utrecht, where he remained a leading portrait painter until his death.  He was buried in Utrecht on 5 August 1661.  His only surviving son, also named Cornelius, who had been born in London in 1634, assisted his father, and continued to work as a painter in the Netherlands, dying in Utrecht in 1715."

–  biographical notes from the National Portrait Gallery, London

Cornelius Johnson
Portrait of a Lady
ca. 1644
oil on canvas
Glasgow Museums

Cornelius Johnson
Portrait of William Hamilton, 2nd Duke of Hamilton
and John Maitland, 2nd Earl (later Duke) of Lauderdale

1649
oil on canvas
National Trust, Ham House, Richmond-upon-Thames

Cornelius Johnson
Portrait of Luise Henriette von Oranien
1650
oil on canvas
Siegerlandmuseum (Germany)

Cornelius Johnson
Portrait of a Lady
ca. 1655-56
oil on canvas
Princeton University Art Museum

Cornelius Johnson
Portrait of Anna Maria van Schurman
1657
oil on panel (grisaille)
National Gallery of Art, Washington DC

Cornelius Johnson
Portrait of Madame Tulp
1660
oil on canvas
Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington DC

attributed to Cornelius Johnson the Younger (son of Cornelius Johnson)
Portrait of Cornella Craen van Haeften
ca. 1663-78
oil on canvas
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam